http://www.learnassyrian.com/aramaic/, Aramaic, [46] From this time to the end of the Old Assyrian period, Assur frequently fell under the control of larger foreign states and empires. [140] Esarhaddon defeated Arda-Mulissu in a civil war and successfully captured Nineveh, becoming king a mere two months after Sennacherib's murder. This slang word is used for a woman who is malicious, aggressive, or dominating. Timur's efforts were so relentless that some among the Muslims doubted that he was Muslim at all since mercy is one of the major Muslim virtues. to 681 B.C.) Omniglot is how I make my living. Under the Abbasids, Baghdad was transformed into a great center of learning, and debates were often held among intellectuals, regardless of their religion. [12], Despite the suffering of the Assyrian people, the late 19th and early 20th centuries were also a time that saw major Assyrian cultural developments: the first Assyrian newspaper, Zahrir d-Bahra ("Rays of Light") began publishing in Urmia in 1848, aided by American missionaries,[252] and the first Assyrian political party, the Assyrian Socialist Party, was founded in 1917. Aiteann - "Cunt". Sargon did not get to enjoy his new city for long; in 705 BC he embarked on his final campaign, directed against Tabal, and died in battle in Anatolia. At the same time as this more lenient approach, pressures on Christians gradually increased due to the Abbasids wishing to spread Islam. The new city was named Dur-Sharrukin ("Fort Sargon") after himself. Arabic (Bedawi), [83], Tukulti-Ninurta's main goal was Babylonia in the south; he intentionally escalated conflict with the Babylonian king Kashtiliash IV through claiming "traditionally Assyrian" lands along the eastern Tigris river. So it's the sort of list that would be useful for helping you build a assyrian vocabulary list, or just a general assyrian word list for whatever purpose, but it's not necessarily going to be useful if you're looking for words that mean the same thing as assyrian (though it still might be handy for that). Sargon's accession, possible marking the end of the nearly thousand-year long Adaside dynasty, was met with considerable internal unrest. Relations between the Assyrians and Kurds worsened further in the later 19th century, as the borders of proposed Assyrian and Kurdish states often overlapped and each group thus saw the independence movement of the other as a threat to their own efforts. Argobba, The most notable locality excavated is Kltepe, near the modern city of Kayseri in Turkey. [41] The earliest known surviving inscription by an Assyrian king was written by Puzur-Ashur I's son and successor Shalim-ahum, and records the king having built a temple dedicated to Ashur "for his own life and the life of his city". [244] One of the first notable acts by the Ottomans in regards to the Assyrians was the arrest, torture and killing of the schismatic Sulaqu in 1555, an act instigated by Shermon VII. Chelkan, Festschrift fr Otto Jastrow zum 60 Geburtstag, Wiesbaden, 489-502. Yukaghir (Northern / Tundra), Oroch, Adyghe, Though the population of Assyrians in Iraq had risen to as many as over 1 million since the Sayfo, estimates suggest that it again fell to 300,000400,000 between 19611991 as the result of mass emigrations. Ubykh, 2023. [287], Though northern Mesopotamia was liberated from ISIL control in 20172019, the future of the Assyrian people and their ancient homeland remains uncertain. Latin and Cyrillic alphabets were developed in the Soviet Union Nivkh, [48] Around 1785 BC,[48] Shamshi-Adad placed his two sons in control of different parts of the kingdom, the elder son Yasmah-Adad being granted Mari and the younger son Ishme-Dagan I being granted Ekallatum and Assur. So . [257] The Assyrian Socialist Party prominently advocated for Assyrian independence; one of its co-founders, Freydun Atturaya, published the Urmia Manifesto of the United Free Assyria in 1917, which called for a free and united Assyria, with economic ties to Russia and stretching from Tur Abdin and Nusaybin (ancient Nisibis) to Urmia and Hakkari. After his victory in Babylonia, Ashurbanipal marched on Elam. Learn more. [45] Over 22,000 Assyrian cuneiform clay tablets have been found at the site. The territory the Assyrians controlled was vast, stretching from southern Iraq to the Mediterranean coast at the civilization's height in the seventh century B.C. [167], After the Achaemenid conquest of Babylon in 539 BC, Assyria was incorporated into the Achaemenid Empire, organized into the province[g] Athura (Ar). Common one-word swears in English: Very mild: d*mn, b*lls Mild: cr*p Moderate: sh*t, *ss Strong: f**k, *sshole Religious: h*ll, god, Jesus, Christ In closing, let me just say that swear words in English are not all that common, even if they do seem to be common in American movies and television. Bastard - n., illegitimate child or. [145] Esarhaddon's greatest military achievement was the 671 BC conquest of Egypt, which not only placed a land of great cultural prestige under Esarhaddon's rule but also brought the Assyrian Empire to its greatest ever extent. [260] On 2 July 600 Assyrians were slaughtered outside the city walls. [46] Though the locals in Assur considered Shamshi-Adad and his family to be foreign conquerors,[52] Shamshi-Adad did have certain respect for Assur and sometimes stayed in the city and partook in its religious ceremonies. The use of this style asserted that the actual king of the city was the Assyrian national deity Ashur and that the Assyrian ruler was merely his representative on Earth. [106] Though control was lost over most of the Assyrian Empire, the Assyrian heartland remained safe and intact, protected by its geographical remoteness. to 1207 B.C.) [20], Early Assur was probably a local religious and tribal center and must have been a town of some size since it had monumental temples. The words down here at the bottom of the list will be in some way associated with assyrian, but perhaps tenuously (if you've currenly got it sorted by relevance, that is). [194][h] Figures like Sargon II,[196] Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, Ashurbanipal and Shamash-shum-ukin long figured in local folklore and literary tradition. Western Neo-Aramaic, Akkadian, Akkala Smi, The Assyrians are a people who have lived in the Middle East since ancient times and today can be found all over the world. . Unlike the previous rulers of Assur, Shamshi-Adad made no pretense of modesty, instead giving himself a title that scholars sometimes translate as "king of the universe," wrote Albert Grayson, professor emeritus of Assyriology at the University of Toronto, in the book "Assyrian Royal Inscriptions: From the beginning to Ashur-resha-ishi I (opens in new tab)" (Otto Harrassowitz, 1972). Mansi, [266], With the collapse and breakup of the Ottoman Empire and the Qajar dynasty in Iran and the rise of new nation states in their place, many of the minorities of the Middle East began asserting their rights to self-determination and sovereignty, including the Assyrians. The late 19th century and early 20th century were marked by further persecution and massacres, most notably the Sayfo (Assyrian genocide) of the Ottoman Empire in the 1910s, which resulted in the deaths of as many as 250,000 Assyrians. You can get the definition(s) of a word in the list below by tapping the question-mark icon next to it. He incorporated the city into a sizable amount of territory that he already controlled in what is now Iraq and Syria. [276] It was in the aftermath of the Simele massacre and the previous atrocities committed against the Assyrian people that the distinct Assyrian church communities (i.e. Kalderash Romani, Post the Definition of Assyrian to Facebook, Share the Definition of Assyrian on Twitter, The businesss new computer system proved not to be a. [130][131] Sargon founded the Sargonid dynasty, which would rule until the fall of the Assyrian Empire. In 1932, Patriarch Shimun XXIII Eshai and other prominent Assyrians sent a petition to Great Britain and the League of Nations to recognize the Assyrians as a nation that has constantly lived in Iraq, not only a religious minority, and to work for further Assyrian autonomy. [60] Eventually, the Shamshi-Adad dynasty's rule over Assur came to an end through the Assyrian usurper Puzur-Sin re-establishing native rule. In ancient times, the Assyrian civilization was often centered at the city of Assur (also called Ashur), named after the supreme god of Assyria and the ruins of the city are located in what is now northern Iraq. [17] Surviving archaeological and literary evidence suggests that Assur in its earliest history was inhabited by Hurrians[13][24] and was the site of a fertility cult devoted to the goddess Ishtar. Kulleh birnasheh ina biryeh kheereh U' damyaneh B' iqara U' zitqeh. Bezhta, [156] In 626 BC Babylonia revolted again, this time led by Nabopolassar,[64] probably a member of a prominent political family in Uruk. [230] In 1310, the Assyrians and other Christians of Erbil (ancient Arbela) tried to escape persecution and captured the city's citadel. Lands conquered under Ashurnasirpal were consolidated and divided into further provinces and Shalmaneser's campaigns were also more wide-ranging than those of his predecessors. Shem, one of the sons of Noah in the Bible, and the Assyrians The local Assyrians sought refuge in the church, to no avail. Yupik (Central Siberian), Languages written with the Latin alphabet, if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'omniglot_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_2',147,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-omniglot_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'omniglot_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_3',147,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-omniglot_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0_1'); .large-mobile-banner-1-multi-147{border:none !important;display:block !important;float:none !important;line-height:0px;margin-bottom:7px !important;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;margin-top:7px !important;max-width:100% !important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center !important;}. [118] Though successful, Shalmaneser's conquests had been very quick and had not been fully consolidated by the time of his death. [21][22][23] It was located in a highly strategic location, on a hill overlooking the Tigris river, protected by a river on one side and a canal on another. starting with the letter a. Now, it's more likely to be wielded against someone who's angered or annoyed you. Tabassaran, Amharic, Bosnian, [57], The time between the collapse of Shamshi-Adad's kingdom in the 18th century BC and the rise of the Middle Assyrian Empire in the 14th century BC is often regarded by modern scholars as an Asyrian "Dark Age" due to the lack of sufficient historical evidence to clearly establish events during this time. Selkup, Assyrian / Neo-Assyrian, [267], After the establishment of British and French colonial rule in the Ottoman Empire's old lands in the Syria and Iraq, many Assyrians were enlisted by the British as soldiers in local colonial militias, perhaps a reason for later anti-Assyrian sentiment in the region. [107] Assyria was not the only realm fragmented during this period, which meant that the fragmented territories now surrounding the Assyrian heartland in time proved to be easy conquests for the Assyrian army. spoken in Iraq, Syria, south east Turkey and north west Iran. [237], The Ottoman Empire captured northern Mesopotamia from Safavid Iran during the early 16th century, Mosul being conquered by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in 1538. Though Dayyan-Assur died during the early stages of the civil war, Shamshi-Adad was eventually victorious, apparently due to help from the Babylonian king Marduk-zakir-shumi or his successor Marduk-balassu-iqbi. Using common. So although you might see some synonyms of assyrian in the list below, many of the words below will have other relationships with assyrian - you could see a word with the exact opposite meaning in the word list, for example. [284] Though the term "Chaldo-Assyrian" met with some initial acknowledgement, it also received much backlash,[285][284] especially in the diaspora. tried to stop. 13041316). Petros led the Assyrian forces for two years and dreamt of retaking abandoned Christian villages and founding an Assyrian state. [157] Though Nabopolassar was more successful than previous Babylonian rebels, it is unlikely that he would have been victorious in the end had the Medes under Cyaxares not entered the conflict in 615/614 BC. Rusyn, He rebuilt Babylon[144] and led several successful military campaigns. [281] Assyrians in Iraq during this time also funded books and magazines (including the magazine Mordinna Atouraya, published in both Assyrian and Aramaic) and founded numerous organizations, such as Assyrian Unity and Freedom, the Assyrian Cultural Club and the Assyrian Sports Club. Jewish Neo-Aramaic, This development probably coincided with the foundation of the secular Assyrian Democratic Organization in Syria in 1957. 2. They continued to enjoy institutional relationships with the Abbasid caliphs, who held a mainly ceremonial role under the Seljuks. Canaanite, The Assyrian population prior to the genocide amounted to about 500,000600,000 people and the generally accepted estimate is that about 50% of the Assyrian people were killed. Sabaean, Nenets, In the 1960s, 70 towns and villages in northern Iraq were destroyed, many were forcibly abandoned and more than 76 sites of religious or cultural significance were destroyed. [272][273] Just one year after Iraq became fully independent from the British, the military and local tribesmen in August 1933 carried out the Simele massacre which targeted Assyrian villages. "The relocation of the seat of royal power must be primarily seen as a strategy to, firstly, emancipate the king from god Assur and, secondly, weaken the influence of the aristocratic and democratic powers whose influence were strongest and most visible in the city of Assur," Radner wrote. [251] From the late 15th century onwards, Assyrian literary production increased once more, much of which was concerned with copying earlier texts for preservation purposes. The results below obviously aren't all going to be applicable for the actual name of your pet/blog/startup/etc., but hopefully they get your mind working and help you see the links between various concepts. While converting influential Christians was often approached through polite conversation, Christians of lower classes were pressured through measures such as increasing the jizya tax. Ashurbanipal's reign also appears to have seen a growing disconnect between the king and the traditional elite of the empire; eunuchs grew unprecedently powerful in his time, being granted large tracts of lands and numerous tax exemptions. Because several of the Mongol tribes that had followed Genghis Khan, the founder of the empire, were predominantly Christian and many tribal leaders had Christian wives or mothers, Christianity received special respect by the Mongol Khagans. [202] In some stories, explicit claims of descent are made. [197] In large part, tales from the Sasanian period and later times were invented narratives, based on ancient Assyrian history but applied to local and current landscapes. [95], The successors of Tukulti-Ninurta were unable to maintain Assyrian power and the empire became increasingly restricted to just the Assyrian heartland. Copyright 19982023 Simon Ager | Email: | Hosted by Kualo, Download Assyrian / Neo-Assyrian charts provided by Wolfram Siegel, Download alphabet charts for Neo-Assyrian, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_Neo-Aramaic. [177][180] Ancient Assyria's last golden age came to an end with the sack of Assur by the Sasanian Empire c. Many Assyrian women testified that they had been raped or otherwise sexually abused. [254] Thousands of Assyrians were also murdered in the Hamidian massacres (18941897) and in the Adana massacre (1909), which were otherwise mainly directed towards Armenians. [71] Assyria's rise was intertwined with the decline and fall of the Mitanni kingdom, its former suzerain, which allowed the early Middle Assyrian kings to expand and consolidate territories in northern Mesopotamia. Suriyani Malayalam, [38] The fourth king of the dynasty, Erishum I (r.c. 19741934 BC), is the earliest king whose length of reign is recorded in the Assyrian King List, a later document recording the kings of Assyria and their reigns. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'omniglot_com-box-3','ezslot_1',115,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-omniglot_com-box-3-0'); Learn languages for free on Duolingo This means I earn a commission if you click on any of them and buy something. There are lots of creative variations of this one stemming from "devil" and "hell". This process eventually resulted in an unprecedented return to prosperity and revival in the 1st to 3rd centuries AD. "Swear words serve many different functions in different . The followers of this church are generally called Chaldeans, which is still the common identity among Assyrians originating from central Assyria. 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