The family the Lord had put his hand upon did not fail. In the early days of the Mormon church, these relationships were commonly called proxy marriages. The massacre lasted less than five minutes, but when it was over, 120 men, women and children had been clubbed, stabbed or shot at point-blank range. I never had seen anything of the kind in my life," Phineas continued, but had always believed the people were living far beneath their privileges (see The Faithful Young Family: The Parents, Brothers and Sisters of Brigham," Leonard J. Arrington and JoAnn Jolley, Ensign, August 1980). As one of John D. Lees wives put it, The Mormons were so insulted and indignant over the death or murder of Pratt that they Raked untold Vengeance on the poor Emigrants.. Copies of Youngs letter exist both in rough draft and final draft form. Haight. Shocked by the terrible news, Brigham smashed his hand against his leg in dismaynot just at the loss of a friend and prophet but at the loss of the keys Joseph possessed. Brigham Young never was fully reimbursed for the money he paid out to workers. Black print with blue underprint on cardstock. It creates a sensation and sells books. He once said to his brother Brigham, "There is not a Bible Christian in the world; what will become of the people?". ''The emigrants fell victim to Brigham Young's decision to stage a violent incident that would demonstrate his power to control the Indians of the Great Basin and to stop travel on the most important overland roads.''. Then, in 1870, Young excommunicated John D. Lee, a Mormon official and militia leader in southern Utah, because of his participation in the massacre. He tells of a singular experience he had when he was visiting a young woman who was dying of consumption, the same dreaded malady of which his mother had died. EastIdahoNews.com, LLC. Wild Bill Hickman, a famed gunslinger and friend of the Mormon leader . True West asked the authors of both books to lay out their claims. While the church leaders temper and strong words at the pulpit earned him a reputation for coercion, in truth, those who knew him best often spoke of his caution and his abhorrence of bloodshed. He was always a kid at heart but also so smart and embraced the adulthood that he needed to. Recommend to friends. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? Courtesy: Church History Library, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. In 1840 Brigham Young traveled to England, where he took charge of missionary efforts, supervising the dramatic growth of Mormonism in that country. When asked by Horace Greeley in 1859, Brigham Young said that he had 15 wives, but some of those sealed to me are old ladies whom I regard rather as mothers than wives. Logically, the idea of ordering a massacre as 2,500 U.S. troops marched upon Salt Lake City is absurd. Enter your email to receive updates on our LDS Living content, 2022 LDS Living A Division of Deseret Book Company. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. A second form could seal a woman to one man for time and another for eternity. This railroad operated between 1871 and 1881 and was founded by prominent Mormons such as Joseph A. You must not meddle with them. His brother Joseph was baptized the next day and Brigham Young was baptized approximately one week later. Lorenzo was fearless in dealing with hostile Indians or any form of difficulty or trial. The oft asked question about the practice of polygamy in early Mormon history is: How many wives did Brigham Young have? the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phineas_Young&oldid=1133790119, American Mormon missionaries in the United States, American leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Latter Day Saint biography Infobox with missing parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 15 January 2023, at 14:54. The U.S. posted bounties of $500 each for the capture of Haight, Higbee, and Stewart, and prosecutors chose not to pursue their cases against Dame, Willden, and Adair. As of early 1842, Brigham Young was a contented monogamist. In short, the massacre is best explained by cascading local events in a setting of extreme excitement and fear. Of course, anti-Young historians say otherwise. He asked his father, who had read the book through, what his feelings were. John Young Jr., the eldest brother, became a Methodist minister at a young age, as did Joseph, the second oldest, who was deeply solemn in his dedication to religion. A plaque at the massacre site, erected by the Mormon Church in 1990, carefully avoided assigning blame, referring with baffling vagueness to ''a company of more than 120 Arkansas emigrants'' being ''attacked while en route to California. by Will Bagley and Ron Walker | Apr 1, 2003 | Features & Gunfights. While several reasons for this statement may be suggested, most persuasive is the ebb and flow of the local decision-making during the weeklong event. A guard tower at the Utah State Prison on Sept, 14, 2020. (Right) John D. Lee. The religion had undergone a period of intense conflict with non-Mormons in the American midwest, and faithful Mormons made solemn oaths to pray for vengeance upon those who killed the "prophets" including founder Joseph Smith, and more recently apostle Parley P. Pratt, who was murdered in April 1857 while traveling as a missionary in Arkansas. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. "[14] Brooks writes, "While Brigham Young and other church authorities did not specifically order the massacre, they did preach sermons and set up social conditions that made it possible." When the project was finished, there was still a great deal of money owed to Brigham Young by the Union Pacific and because of their financial difficulties, they were not able to meet the . Of the 23 who survived him, 17 received a share of his estate while the remaining 6 apparently had non conjugal roles. It is at this point in the confrontation that the first officer loses his weapon to Rodriguez. Its no coincidence, then, that pulp fiction and Hollywood have used these ingredientsmystery, conspiracy and mass murderfor years. The question isnt as easily answered as asked. Four days ago he posted a video of himself singing and playing the guitar. During Wyatt Earps later years, while he was living in Hollywood, were there any silent films or voice recordings made of him. Mr. Bagley cites a diary entry made by Young's brother-in-law and Indian interpreter, Dimick Huntington, after a meeting between the Mormon leader and Paiute chiefs on Sept. 1, 1857. As part of Young's vision of a pre-millennial "Kingdom of God," Young established colonies along the California and Old Spanish Trails, where Mormon officials governed as leaders of church, state, and military. TAMPA, Fla. - Jurors heard heartbreaking testimony Wednesday at Ronnie Oneal's murder trial. Strang attempted to bring followers to him and to do this he wanted to use logic and rhetoric. He went on to become a missionary in England. ''It's clear to us that this was not a headquarters-orchestrated project,'' said Glen Leonard, director of the Mormon Church's Museum of Church History and Art in Salt Lake City and one of that book's co-authors. Such ceremonies usually occurred when a widow was sealed to her dead husband for eternity and to a living husband for time in the same ceremony. ''They had 1,000 head of longhorns, and longhorns had never been seen in Utah before.'' Susan Evans McCloud is author of more than 40 books: fiction, mystery, biography. Susa, Brighams daughter, wrote of her father: He fostered and encouraged the study and practice of music, not only in his own family, but among the people (see Life Story of Brigham Young," by Susa Young Gates and Leah D. Widtsoe). By early 1857 the Mormons were stockpiling weapons, and all but one of the federal judges and officers overseeing Indian affairs in the territory had fled, fearing for their safety. The rapper's . According to trial testimony given later by Haslam, when Haight read Young's words, he sobbed like a child and could manage only the words, "Too late, too late. In 1835, the Three Witnesses selected Young as one of the inaugural members of the Quorum of the Twelve. These young men were thoughtful, and their spirits were not afraid to embrace truth when they encountered it. They were a rejoicing family, a dancing family and a singing family. Phineas Howe Young (also found as Phinehas) (February 16, 1799 October 10, 1879) was a prominent early convert in the Latter Day Saint movement and was later a Mormon pioneer and a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Lorenzos wife, Harriet, bore a baby son two months after their arrival in the Salt Lake Valley, the first pioneer male child to be born in that wilderness (see The Faithful Young Family"). At Lee's sentencing, as required by Utah Territory statute, he was given the option of being hung, shot, or beheaded, and he chose to be shot. Phineas Young was an older brother of Brigham Young, who was the president of the LDS Church and the first governor of the Territory . Both authors quote a 5-year-old survivor who told a reporter two years after the event, ''My father was killed by Indians; when they washed their faces, they were white men.'' How this hostile atmosphere led to murder in a mountain valley 300 miles south of Salt Lake City, however, is fiercely contested. Lvl 1. The LDS Church was also given a large grant of stock in the Union Pacific, which it held well into the 20 th century. Brigham Young succeeded founder Joseph Smith as the president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1847; he led the church until his death in 1877. Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. Brigham Young, who quickly took command of the church and its followers, tried to stifle any dissent and banish his rivals.The killing of Phineas Wilcox was part of his consolidation of power . Brent L. Top,professor of Church History and Doctrine at BYU, in an interview explained a little more about how these experiences influenced Brigham Young: In an article written by Top, he elaborates more on what Brigham Young taught about the life that awaits us after death: For more incredible insights into what prophets and apostles have taught about the spirit world, check out Life After Death: 6 Insights into the Spirit World. Witnesses later testified about Haslams dramatic arrival in Salt Lake City, the writing of the letter and its dispatch South. "In my eyes, this is a gross miscarriage of justice. ''The whole United States rang with its horrors,'' Mark Twain recalled years later. Sources conflict. This list contains the books we've recently received, if you're looking for new books that are available, this is the place to check! Brigham Young Did It. Despite a growing bitterness toward his former mentor, Lee refused. March 28, 1884: Or was it March 8? He said the file included the notes of a Mormon historian who, at the request of church leaders, conducted a confidential investigation of the massacre in 1892. "We went west willingly--because we had to.". Darriynn Brown has been charged with the murder of Cash Gernon. Lee was tried twice for murder (he was convicted the second time) and executed in 1877. (Young had at least 20 wives -- by some estimates as many as 56 -- and up to 57 children.). After guiding an exodus of . TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. According to Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) historical records, Brigham Young was sealed to as many as 56 women. Young was too cleverand too religiously devoutto have destroyed the emigrants and thus irreparably harm the reputation of his people. Hiding Rockwells role in expressing Eleanor to Utah from my late friend Hal was evidence that had been carefully suppressed. Bottom line: Yes, Brigham Young was clearly a racist. As any attorney knows, the problem with a guilty client is he acts guilty, and after the massacre Brigham Young never behaved like an innocent man. John and Nabbie Young had 11 children, six daughters and five sons, beginning with Nancy in 1786 and ending with Lorenzo Dow in 1807 beginning in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, and ending in Chenango County, New York not far from the village of Palmyra, New York. The latter is filed in sequential order in Youngs well-preserved and bound letter books. A BYU education should be spiritually strengthening, intellectually enlarging, and character building, leading to . Lorenzo remained in that noble calling until he died, 18 years after that. What was the favorite type of mule used in the Old West? Instead, he accepted track and rolling equipment to build an extra rail line from Ogden to Salt Lake City. [14], In Blood of the Prophets, Mormon historian William Bagley echoes David White's conclusion that the letter does not absolve Young of any wrongdoing. Appointed governor by President Millard Fillmore seven years earlier, Young ran the territory as a Mormon theocracy, flouting federal jurisdiction over the courts and the local Indian population and, equally unnerving to East Coast politicians, practicing polygamy. NYC woman fatally stabbed, son in custody. One of his wives alleged he ordered the deaths of people who tried to leave the faith. Ron Walker is one of the three Mormon historians writing the upcoming rebuttal to be published by Oxford University Press. [1][2] Evidence as to whether or not Young ordered the attack on the migrant column is conflicted. They are, from left, Lorenzo Dow Young, Brigham Young, Phineas Howe Young, Joseph Young and John Young Jr. After five years researching and writing about this horrific atrocity, I doubted Id ever find a definitive answer to the question, Did Brigham Young order the murders at Mountain Meadows?, To my surprise, I found evidence that convinced me beyond a shadow of a doubt that Brigham Young issued orders (probably verbal) to kill everyone in the Fancher party except those of innocent bloodchildren under eight years of ageto fulfill his sacred vow to avenge the blood of the prophets Joseph and Hyrum Smith, and more specifically, Apostle Parley P. Pratt. Two men in their late 30s and three teenagers were like "a pack" as they hunted down a 14-year-old boy in broad daylight before he was fatally stabbed, a murder trial has heard. Dr. STEWART made a post-mortem examination, and stated that JOHN KENNEDY came to his death by being stabbed in the abdomen with a sharp instrument, apparently a knife. [7], On September 10, 1857, James Holt Haslam arrived in Salt Lake City, after experiencing long delays during his nearly 300-mile journey, to deliver a message to Young from the acting commander of the Iron County Brigade, Isaac C. [10] After delivering the letter to Young, Haslam was told to rest for a few hours then return to pick up the reply. With Tyrone Power, Linda Darnell, Dean Jagger, Brian Donlevy. On September 8, 1857, Captain Stewart Van Vliet, of the US Army Quartermaster Corps, arrived in Salt Lake City. Brigham Young was also pinned with a monthly alimony payment of $500, as well as a then-whopping $3,000 in court fees. [1] [2] Evidence as to whether or not Young ordered the attack on the migrant column . "John D. Lee Arrested". So do some authors whove written about the Mountain Meadows Massacre. Brigham Young did the painting of the interior of that temple and Lorenzo Dow Young did the plastering of the outside of it, with the help, of course, of others. James H. Haslam, interview by S. A. Kenner, reported by Josiah Rogerson, 4 December 1884, typescript, 11, in Josiah Rogerson, Transcripts and Notes of John D. Lee Trials, LDS Church Archives. Twelve apostles were now chosen from those who had marched in Zion's Camp. 2015 - 2023 Some settlers, the story goes, believed the pioneers had been involved in the murder of Parley Pratt, a popular Mormon apostle, in western Arkansas earlier that year. The Mountain Meadows Massacre victimized several groups of emigrants from the northwestern Arkansas region who had started their treks to California in early 1857, joining along the way and becoming known as the BakerFancher party. Haight and Dame were also the senior regional military leaders of the Mormon militia. Good history must be based on facts. The knowledge of how George A. Smith felt towards the emigrants, and his telling me that he had a long talk with Haight on the subject, made me certain that it was the wish of the Church authorities, that Fancher and his train should be wiped out, and knowing all this, I did not doubt then, and I do not doubt it now, either, that Haight was acting by full authority from the Church leaders, and that the orders he gave to me were just the orders that he had been directed to give, when he ordered me to raise the Indians and have them attack the emigrants.[27]. ''There are very candid statements on the part of participants to a church official under the agreement of confidentiality,'' Mr. Turley said, adding that the file, along with other sources he and his co-authors were using, would be made public once their book was published. Theres one answer to all these questions: Brigham Young ordered the murders as a righteous act of vengeance. setTimeout(function(){var t=document.createElement("script");t.setAttribute("src","https://sample.dragonforms.com/getEmbeddedClientScript.do?embeddedsite=TW_dispatch_nl"),t.setAttribute("type","text/javascript"),document.body.appendChild(t)},5); Become a subscriber today and youll recieve a new issue every month plus unlimited access to our full archive of backlogged issues. On that march Joseph Smith taught Brigham Young how to lead men. According to historian William P. MacKinnon, "After the war, Buchanan implied that face-to-face communications with Brigham Young might have averted the Utah War, and Young argued that a northsouth telegraph line in Utah could have prevented the Mountain Meadows Massacre."[6]. Phineas and John were two of the early pioneers to head West and who volunteered to turn back upon the weary trail and guide other groups who were just beginning the trek, see The Faithful Young Family." Originally ran between Salt Lake and York. Brigham Young. Likewise, John D. Lee, the only man convicted of the murders, was repeatedly offered leniency in exchange for incriminating Youngthe last offer was made just moments before his execution. A longer video of the interaction shows Joe Biden was comforting his grandson, Robert Hunter Biden II, at Beau Biden's funeral. The crudely worded entry appears to refer to the Fancher party and suggests that Young encouraged the Indians to steal the group's cattle and engage them in a fight. But despite two trials, one execution and many official investigations, the event -- known as the Mountain Meadows massacre -- remains shrouded in mystery and rumor. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [7], After Joseph Smith was killed in 1844, Young joined the majority of Latter Day Saints in accepting the leadership of Brigham Young and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. There are two ways to interpret the evidence about who ordered the brutal murder of 120 men, women and children at a remote Utah oasis on the road to California on September 11, 1857. Strang penned a letter to two leaders, Orson Hyde and John Taylor, requesting to . 1, 2003 | Features & Gunfights is an exclusive benefit for home and. Mormon Church, these relationships were commonly called proxy marriages 2022 LDS Living did brigham young son stab him Division of Deseret Company... Jurors heard heartbreaking testimony Wednesday at Ronnie Oneal & # x27 ; s murder trial and Taylor... Become a missionary in England: Church History Library, the massacre is best by! 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