Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society 400-1000. Henry I, Bishop of Augsburg, and the newly appointed Carinthian Duke Henry III joined Henry II in rebellion, forcing Otto II to return from Bohemia. While he was preparing to counterattack Muslim forces, a major uprising by the Slavs broke out in 983, forcing the Empire to abandon its major territorial holdings east of the Elbe river. The defeat at Stilo cost the Empire many nobles, forcing Otto II to lift the banishment of Henry III in order to stabilize domestic affairs in Germany while he campaigned against the Muslim and Byzantines in southern Italy. Oct 27, 2012 - Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen (2 May 1892 – 21 April 1918), also widely known as the Red Baron, was a German fighter pilot with the Imperial German Army Air Service (Luftstreitkräfte) during World War I. By 976, Henry II returned to Bavaria. Also, the appointment of Conrad I allowed the House of the Conradines to return to power in Swabia for the first time since Emperor Otto I in 948. Following the defeat of Otto II at Stilo in 983, the Lutici Federation of Polabian Slavs revolted against their German overlords, sparking a great revolt known as the Great Slav Rising (Slawenaufstand). In September 978, Otto II retaliated against Lothair by invading France with the aid of Charles. Hildebald of Worms, who had been appointed as Otto II's Chancellor in 977 and then as Bishop of Worms in 979, was also not from a noble family. Charles and Lothair were also feuding, with Charles being exiled from France over infidelity allegation concerning Lothair's wife. Rote Erde ist eine deutsche Fernsehfilm-Reihe in 13 Teilen (Spieldauer insgesamt ca. Bis 6. The Byzantine Emperor objected to Otto's use of the title "Emperor". am 28.November 912, † am 7. Logoplay Holzspiele Spielesammlung, Der rote Stein - 3D Puzzle - Denkspiel - Knobelspiel - Geduldspiel - Logikspiel im Holzkasten für 19,90€ bei OTTO [10] More sympathetic chroniclers said that it was due to his reddish complexion. Duke Bernard I of Saxony was heading south for the assembly when Danish Viking raids forced him to return to face the threat. Whether Otto II released him from prison or if he escaped is not known for certain. Otto II appointed Willigis, the Archbishop of Mainz, to serve as his regent over Germany. The early death of Otto II and the ensuing events proved to be a serious test for Empire. After celebrating Easter in Taranto, Otto II moved his army westward, defeating a Muslim army in early July. Otto II attacked Harald's forces, but the joint Danish-Norwegian army repelled the German army. In 950, Otto the Great had subdued the Kingdom of Denmark and forced the Danish King Gorm the Old to accept him as his overlord. Otto II's marriage to the Byzantine Princess Theophanu proved to be to his disadvantage because the Saxon nobles felt it distanced the Emperor from their interests. With the Imperial family near the French border, Lothair invaded Lorraine and marched on Aachen. mil. Otto II's troops marched on Byzantine-controlled Apulia in January 982 with the purpose of annexing the territory into his Empire. In July 983, Pope Benedict VII, a longtime Ottonian supporter, died of natural causes after having reigned for almost ten years. Though he unsuccessfully besieged Manso I in Salerno, Otto II ultimately obtained the recognition of his authority from all the Lombard principalities. His policy was based not only on securing his power in Rome, or to cooperate with the Papacy, but also to gain absolute dominion over the whole of Italy. [13] Following the New Year, Otto II led his Imperial court to Rome, reaching the city on February 9, 981, where the Emperor restored Pope Benedict VII to his papal throne without difficulty. When Otto II sent an imperial representative, Count Sicco, to secure his release, Crescentius I and Cardinal Franco Ferrucci had Benedict VI murdered while still in prison in 974. Needing to put his affairs in order prior to his descent into Italy, Otto I summoned a Diet at Worms and had Otto II elected, at the age of six, co-regent in May 961. The outbreak ultimately led to the death of the Emperor himself: he died in his palace in Rome at the age of 28 on December 7, 983, after having reigned for just over a decade. Bavaria, the most independent of the duchies, rebelled in 974, under the leadership of its duke, Henry II the Quarrelsome, Otto's cousin. Henry II's four-year old son, also named Henry, was sent to Hildesheim to study for an ecclesiastical career. Augsburg was located on the western side of the Swabian-Bavarian boarder, the territory of Henry II's brother-in-law Burchard III, Duke of Swabia. This was not enough for the young Bavarian Duke, who wished to extend his influence in the Duchy of Swabia as his father had under Otto the Great. He then held an Imperial Diet at Verona on Pentecost, 983. After an initial failure, the brothers attempted again in 976, this time with the support of King Lothar of France. In 976, Otto II had deposed Henry II as Duke of Bavaria and imprisoned him. Otto II, Otto der Rote, 955-983, Adelsgeschlecht der Liudolfinger, römisch-deutscher Kaiser von 973 bis 983., Digital improved reproduction of an illustration from the 19th century Holy Roman Emperor Otto II the Red, Otho II Rufus, 955-983. [19] Emir Abu al-Qasim, who had declared a Holy War (jihad) against the Empire, retreated when he noticed the unexpected strength of Otto II's troops when the Emperor was not far from Rossano Calabro. His occupation was occupation. Among Otto II's chief advisors, only the Saxon Bishop Dietrich I of Metz had close connections with the old Saxon nobility. OTTO von Franken, son of KONRAD "der Rote" Duke of Lotharingia, Graf in Franconia & his wife Liutgard of Germany (-4 Nov 1004, bur [Bruchsal]). Otto II arrived in Italy at Pavia on December 5, 980. He was elected associate King of Germany at Worms and crowned at Aachen 26 May 961. countess Palatine of L... King of Germany (961-983), Holy Roman Emperor (973-983), King of Italy (980-983). [19] He sent his nephew Otto I, Duke of Swabia and Bavaria, back to Germany with the news of the defeat and to call the German nobles to the assembly, but his emissary died en route on November 1, 982, in Lucca. [21] He then held an Imperial Diet at Verona on Pentecost, 983. Accepting the Pope's call for aid, Otto II and Theophano, along with their infant son Otto III, prepared for a march south across the Alps. Upon hearing of Pandulf's death, Otto II, ruling from Rome, traveled south to install Thrasimund IV as Duke of Spoleto. The brothers Reginar IV, Count of Mons, and Lambert I, Count of Louvain, demanded that the Emperor restore their confiscated inheritance in the Duchy of Lorraine. countess Palatine of Lotharingia With the position vacant, the pro-Byzantine Tribuno Memmo became the new Doge in 979. The Ottonians had particular religious interest in Memleben as both Otto II's father Otto I and grandfather Henry I had died there. Otto II would only visit the Duchy three times during his reign, in all cases accompanied by the military. The imperial family was joined by Otto II's sister Matilda, Abbess of Quedlinburg, King Conrad of Burgundy and his wife Matilda of France, Duke Hugh Capet of France, Duke Otto of Swabia and Bavaria, and other high secular and religious officials from Germany, Italy and France. [28], In 976, Otto II had deposed Henry II as Duke of Bavaria and imprisoned him. Elisabeth was born circa 1205, in Ulm. In order to give the hope of dynastic continuity after his death, Otto I again confirmed Otto II as his heir on February 2, 965, the third anniversary of Otto I's coronation as Emperor. II. Er war überlebensgroß, polterte streitlustig durchs Leben und unterschrieb seine Briefe gern mit einem trompetenden Elefanten. Monasticism became a key part of Otto II's Imperial policy, entrusting the Abbots with key political functions. Otto II had been king of Germany for twelve years and Emperor for five at the time of Otto the Great's death. The same year, Otto II appointed Egbert as his Imperial Chancellor. Otto I sought a marriage alliance between his Imperial house and the Eastern Macedonian dynasty. The appointment of Otto as Duke of Swabia was taken by Henry II as an assault on his claim to the Imperial throne and a slight to his honor. The death of Pandulf in 981 allowed the Sicilian Emir Abu al-Qasim to increase his raids, hitting targets in Apulia and Calabria. The Danes took advantage of the Slavic revolt and invaded the March of Schleswig along the Empire's northern border while the Sorb Slavs invaded and conquered the March of Zeitz from Saxon control. Following his coronation, a rift developed between Otto II and his mother, the Dowager Empress Adelaide of Italy. (der Rote)? By naming a descendant of his half-brother instead of his cousin, Otto II reinforced his father's policy of appointing close family members to key posts throughout the Empire. Otto the Great's efforts to consolidate the Church under Imperial control had made this type of action normal. Im Roten Wien der 1920er Jahre war der Nationalökonom, Wissenschaftstheoretiker und Arbeiter- und Volksbildner der bunte Hund, Chef der Siedlerbewegung und des … Under the reign of Otto the Great, Denmark fulfilled all its obligations and regularly paid tribute to the Germans. Son of Otto I, Holy Roman emperor and Saint Adelaide of Italy Leben. OTTO (end 955-Rome 7 Dec 983, bur Rome St Peter's[292]). Otto I then sent word for Otto II to join him in Italy. (Otto de Lorraine) comte palatin de Lorraine(1034-1045), duc de Souabe(Otto II,1045-1047), comte en Deutzgau Né vers 1000 Décédé le 7 septembre 1047 (mardi) - château de … His campaigns under Otto I and Otto II incorporated all three of the southern Lombard principalities - Benevento, Capua, and Salerno - into the Holy Roman Empire. , zum Mitkönig When Harald became king in 958, he expanded the control of his kingdom into Norway, becoming king there in 970. Within a short time, the Memleben Abbey had become one of the richest and most influential of the Imperial abbeys. Otto II spent his reign continuing his father's policy of strengthening Imperial rule in Germany and extending the borders of the Empire deeper into southern Italy. Though established by Otto I, the exact details of the diocese's boundaries were left to Otto II and his aides. "Otto II" redirects here. Død 02.07.936. fm Mathilde av Ringelheim. After three and a half year absence in Italy, Otto I returned to Germany early in 965 as Holy Roman Emperor. Das Herzogtum Franken Das Herzogtum Franken behielt Otto ein und unterstellte es der Königsherrschaft. While he was preparing to counterattack Muslim forces, a major uprising by the Slavs broke out in 983, forcing the Empire to abandon its major territorial holdings east of the Elbe river. Theophanu sollte als Frau des einen (Otto II.) Otto II also continued the work of Otto I in subordinating the Catholic Church to Imperial control. [6] After occupying Aachen for five days, Lothair returned to France after symbolically disgracing the city. He died on August 4, 1156 in Ensdorf, Amberg-Sulzbach, Bayern, Germany. The oratorio Der Durchzug durchs rote Meer (The Passage Through the Red Sea) at first went unnoticed and continued to be labelled as “no longer extant” even last year in the new article in MGG, though the autograph has been in the holdings of the British Library in London for more than a hundred years. While the historical sources do not describe the goals of the conspirators, Henry II likely intended to restore his honor and to ensure his position as the second most influential man in the Empire. Leo: Europäische Stammtafeln, Band I, Frank Baron Freytag von Loringhoven, 1975, Isenburg, W. K. Prinz von, Reference: Page 3. His father also arranged for Otto II to marry the Byzantine Princess Theophanu, who would be his wife until his death. DER ROTE Deutscher König (961/73-983)----- Römischer Kaiser seit 24.12.967 Ende 955-7.12.983 Rom. Needing to put his affairs in order prior to his descent into Italy, Otto I summoned a Diet at Worms and had Otto II elected, at the age of six, co-regent in May 961. [28] News of Otto II's death first reached Germany after Otto III's coronation. OTTO der Große begründete die Tradition der Verbindung von ostfränkisch-deutscher Die Rixdorfer Blasmusik, Der Zackige Otto – Die Rixdorfer Blasmusik ... II. The most important action taken by Otto II at the assembly, however, was to secure the "election" of his son Otto III, who was then only three years old, as King of Germany and heir apparent to the Imperial throne. Otto II and his wife Theophanu enhanced the spiritual importance of the city by establishing a Benedictine Imperial abbey there: the Memleben Abbey. Pietro IV's younger son, Vitale Candiano, survived however, and fled to Otto II's court in Saxony with plans to depose the new pro-Byzantine Doge, Pietro I Orseolo. Without consulting Otto II, Henry II named his cousin Henry as the new Bishop of Augsburg. His other advisers lacked support from the Empire's various Dukes. Following the defeat of Otto II at Stilo in 983, the Lutici Federation of Polabian Slavs revolted against their German overlords, sparking a great revolt known as the Great Slav Rising (Slawenaufstand). gab es einige Konflikte und Kämpfe , so gegen die Dänen, in Böhmen und Westfranken, mit Venedig und gegen die Slawen sowie die Sarazenen. With his newly obtained power, the young ruler was no longer willing to accept German supremacy over his kingdom. The Emperor sensed the far-reaching ambitions of his cousin and denied his request. Begraben: Rom; St. Peter (Vatikanische Grotten) 3. With both Otto the Great and Count Reginar III dead, it appears Otto II desired a fresh start with the two sons. Otto II reduced the Duchy of Bavaria in territorial size by almost a third. In summer 974, Harald rebelled against Otto II. The death of Bishop Ulrich of Augsburg on July 4, 973, brought the conflict between the cousins to a head. After three-and-a-half years in Italy, Otto I returned to Germany early in 965 as Holy Roman Emperor. Otto I entrusted his illegitimate son, Archbishop … Otto II the brought the rebels before the Imperial Diet in Quedlinburg on March 31, 978. Otto II and his wife Theophanu enhanced the spiritual importance of the city by establishing a Benedictine Imperial abbey there: the Memleben Abbey. "der Grosse" VON SACHSEN (Liudolf.) DES GROSSEN († 7.5.973) aus dem Hause der LIUDOLFINGER-OTTONEN aus seiner 2 [8] Despite neither side obtaining a clear victory, Otto II felt his honor was sufficiently restored and opened peace negotiations with the French King. Otto II Rufus was born on month day 955, at birth ... Otto Rufus was born circa 1200, at birth place, to Berchtold Rufus "der Rote". (Otto der Große) und Adelheid, Tochter des Königs Rudolf II. Ehe mit der Adelheid von Hoch-Burgund, Tochter von König Rudolf II. Otto II died suddenly in 983 at the age of 28 after a ten-year reign. In 966, The Doge of Venice Peitro IV married a relative of Otto I. In October 967, father and son met in Verona and together marched through Ravenna to Rome. [19], In July 983, Pope Benedict VII, a longtime Ottonian supporter, died of natural causes after having reigned for almost ten years. Otto II attempted on several occasions to reunify the Lombard principalities politically and ecclesiastically into his Empire after Pandulf's death. A final meeting between Otto II and Adelaide was arranged shortly before Pentecost in 978, but a peaceful outcome was not achieved, forcing Adelaide to retire to Burgundy and to the protection of her brother King Conrad of Burgundy. Otto I. The Coloprini pleaded with the Emperor for support. With peace concluded, Otto II returned to Aachen to celebrate Pentecost, and then moved towards Nijmegen. Upon arriving in Italy in 981, Otto II immediately imposed a trade embargo against the island republic. In 973, Otto II granted their request. In particular, Henry II had strong connections to Margrave Gunther of Merseburg, Count Egbert the One-Eyed, and Dietrich I of Wettin, who were all displeased with Otto II's lack of adherence to Saxon tradition. Place of Birth: unknown. Otto II then marched his army south to Bavaria and laid siege to Regensburg, Henry II's stronghold. In response to the rebellion, Otto II stripped Henry II of his Duchy and had him excommunicated. [9], Otto II's three-year-old son Otto III was crowned as King of Germany in Aachen on Christmas Day in 983, three weeks after his father's death. DER ROTE Deutscher König (961/73-983)----- Römischer Kaiser seit 24.12.967 Ende 955 † 7.12.983 Rom. [6] With the support of Norwegian troops, Harald was able to cross the Danish border into Germany, defeating the German forces stationed in the north. Prior to his appointment, Otto had been a long-time opponent of Henry II's expanding influence in Swabia. The marriage brought the Empire and Venice into close relationship, with Otto I, in 967, granting a series of commercial agreements to Venice in general and to Pietro IV's family in particular. Otto II followed the policy of his father in expanding the importance of the Church in his Empire, in particular the importance of monasticism and monasteries. (regierte von 936-973) und dessen gl… By naming a descendant of his half-brother instead of his cousin, Otto II reinforced his father's policy of appointing close family members to key posts throughout the Empire. After having ruled Venice for four years, Pietro I voluntarily abdicated to become a monk, allowing the pro-Ottonian Vitale to return to Venice as Doge in 977, restoring the city's friendly relationship with the Empire. [24] In part, the Obrodite revolt was successful: The princely family, though in part remaining Christian, dissolved Christian institutions.[24]. Wehrmacht, verliehen an Träger des EK 1914] hist. Otto II (eind 955 – Rome, 7 december 983) was hertog der Saksen, koning van Duitsland en Italië en keizer van wat later het Heilige Roomse Rijk zou heten. In Rome, Otto II held a magnificent court ceremony to mark Easter. ‚der Rote‘ oder ‚der Blutdurstige‘. He was likely motivated by the high-risk associated with his expedition into Italy to claim the Imperial title from the Pope. Duke Bernard I of Saxony was heading south for the assembly when Danish Viking raids forced him to return to face the threat. In part, the Obrodite revolt was successful: The princely family, though in part remaining Christian, dissolved Christian institutions. Begraben: Rom; St. Peter (Vatikanische Grotten) 3. Otto was a man of small stature, by nature brave and impulsive, and by training an accomplished knight. "Ottone fratre [Machtild unica filia…patre Otto imperatore et matre Athelheida imperiatrice]" was recorded by Annalista Saxo[294]. Hij stamde uit het geslacht van de Liodolfingen (Liudolfingers), meestal Ottonen genoemd. 955, † am 7. Otto II, however, severely punished the conspirators: Henry II was imprisoned at Ingelheim and Bishop Abraham at Corvey. On April 14, 972, Otto II married Theophanu,[30] a Byzantine princess of the Phokas family who was the cousin of reigning Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimiskes. [26] While Otto II was in Rome overseeing the election of a new pope, a malaria outbreak in central Italy prevented the resumption of military activity in southern Italy. Leo: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Mehr Infos zur Einwilligung (inkl. In 973, Otto II granted their request. The choice of Emperor John I Tzimisces was his niece Theophanu, who was the soldier-emperor's niece by marriage. mil. Dezember 983 in Rom) aus dem Adelsgeschlecht der Liudolfinger war römisch-deutscher Kaiser von 973 bis 983. While the historical sources do not describe the goals of the conspirators, Henry II likely intended to restore his honor and to ensure his position as the second most influential man in the Empire. Otto II. In order to give the hope of dynastic continuity after his death, Otto I again confirmed Otto II as his heir on February 2, 965, the third anniversary of Otto I's coronation as Emperor. The Emperor, aided by the Duke of Swabia and Bavaria, met the rebels at Passau and, after a long siege, forced them into submission. During his educational period in Hohenheim he became a part-time member of the Allgemeine-SS on 1.11.1933. The relationship between the Empire and the Republic of Venice was readdressed during Otto II's reign. Following the suppression of Henry II's rebellion, Otto II used the Empire's monasteries as the location for the treason trials. Otto II, however, established at least four monasteries: Memleben, Tegernsee, Bergen, and Arneburg. Otto II attempted on several occasions to reunify the Lombard principalities politically and ecclesiastically into his Empire after Pandulf's death. Otto I sought a marriage alliance between his Imperial house and the Eastern Macedonian dynasty. Otto II and the assembled nobles agreed on a strategy of naval blockade and economic warfare until reinforcement from Germany could arrive. When Otto the Great died, the smooth succession to the imperial throne of Otto II had long been guaranteed. His election secured, Otto III and his mother, the Empress Theophanu, traveled north across the Alps heading for Aachen, the traditional coronation site for the Ottonians, in order for Otto III to be officially crowned as king. Family and children[edit]. Henry II and his followers complied and submitted to Otto II before armed conflict broke out. This strengthened his authority as Emperor and secured the succession of his own son to the Imperial throne. Baum was born in 1911 in Stetten. This appointment elevated the descendants of Otto the Great above those of Henry I in the selection process, further dividing Otto II and Henry II. This was not enough for the young Bavarian Duke, who wished to extend his influence in the Duchy of Swabia as his father had under Otto the Great. * 23.11.912 in Wallhausen† 07.05.973 in MemlebenOTTO I. wird als der bedeutendste Ottonenherrscher betrachtet. The date is given by Seibert and by Glocker (p. 281). In return, Otto II appointed Charles as Duke and promised to support his claim to the French throne. When Otto II sent an imperial representative, Count Sicco, to secure his release, Crescentius I and Cardinal-Deacon Franco Ferrucci, who would subsequently become Boniface VII, an antipope, had Benedict murdered while still in prison.[4]. Henry II mobilized the Saxon nobility against Otto II. In Pavia, Otto II and his mother, the dowager empress Adelaide of Italy, were reconciled after years of being apart. Although Otto II had succeeded peacefully to the throne, internal divisions of power still remained unaddressed. He was married on July 13, 1116 to Heilika von Lengenfeld, they had 3 children. Wickham, Chris. The Ottonian defeat, the worst in the history of the Empire at the time, greatly weakened Imperial power in southern Italy. Otto I then sent word for Otto II to join him in Italy. As vassal of Otto II, Pandulf ruled a large bloc of territories stretching as far north as Tuscany and as far south as the Gulf of Taranto.[16]. Only in 972, six years later, under the new Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimiskes, was a marriage and peace agreement concluded, however. Otto II was a member of the Ottonian dynasty of rulers of Germany (and later the Holy Roman Empire) from 919 to 1024. Pandulf's lands were partitioned among his sons, though further quarrels between the local Lombard princes soon followed. Født omkring 875. By 957, Otto II's older brothers Henry (born 952) and Bruno (born 953) had died, as well as Otto I's son from his first wife Eadgyth, the Crown Prince Liudolf, Duke of Swabia. The Doge and his son, also named Pietro, were killed in the blaze, but their bodies were later recovered and respectfully buried. Otto the Great's efforts to consolidate the Church under Imperial control had made this type of action normal. Despite having a child under the regency of his mother as a ruler, the structure established by Emperor Otto the Great remained strong as most of the Empire's most powerful officials stayed loyal to the Imperial system. Otto II, however, severely punished this conspirators: Henry II was imprisoned at Ingelheim and Bishop Abraham at Corvey. Then, Pandulf's nephew Pandulf II was given Benevento when Otto II partitioned Landulf IV's territory, with Landulf IV keeping Capua. Charles fled to Otto II's court and paid homage to Otto II. Since the 960s the island had been under Muslim rule as the Emirate of Sicily, a state of the Fatimid Caliphate. Sickness among his troops brought on by winter and a French relief army under Hugh Capet forced Otto II and Charles to lift the siege on November 30, and to return to Germany. Lothair then fled to the French capital of Paris and was there besieged by Otto II and Charles. Помоћу Wot-Life.com можете пратити развој кланова и играча у игри World of Tanks. The situation south of the Alps was chaotic. After almost two years in Germany, Otto I made a third expedition to Italy in 966. Otto II gave the newly diminished Duchy of Bavaria to his relative Otto, the Duke of Swabia,[3] and appointed Henry III, son of the former Bavarian Duke Berthold, as Duke of Carinthia. She would later appoint John as the bishop of Piacenza, and would send him to Constantinople to arrange for a marriage between Otto III and a Byzantine princess. It appears Otto II intended to end the Bavarian Ottonians' secular control of Bavaria. Otto was a man of small stature, by nature brave and impulsive, and by training an accomplished knight. Since 960s the island had been under Muslim rule as the Emirate of Sicily, a state of the Fatimid Caliphate. Under a new Duke, Bavaria would remain a remote area of the Empire. Instead, Otto II hoped to subordinate the Bavarian line of Ottonians to his Imperial authority.
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