Not just, 'Because I said so.' Frederick Douglass devoted his singular 54-year career of public advocacy to the grand, mutually inseparable causes of the liberation and elevation of his fellow black Americans and the racial and moral integration of America. "Florida has estimated that the true cost of each execution is approximately $3.2 million, or approximately six times what it would cost to keep that person in prison for all of his or her natural life" (Spangenberg and Walsh 15). The reasoning is about the cost of the death penalty, while the evidence is about racial disparities in the implementation of the death penalty. A reason tells why the claim is made and is supported by the evidence. What is remarkable, then, is not that Douglass felt alienated from his country for most of the 1840s, but rather that, by the force of his character and intellect, he overcame this alienation as rapidly and thoroughly as he did. The power of education was also a key argument in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, but it was not an argument with a consistent meaning. The words you choose make a difference in your writing. His final break with Garrison came in 1851, when he announced that he had come to reject the core Garrisonian doctrine that the U.S. Constitution was a pro-slavery instrument. how does douglass refute this counterclaim?kids baking championship where are they now marshall park lunenburg ma where is boca grande beach where is boca grande beach The only solid, and final solution of the problem before us, Douglass insisted, was also the only just solution: the most perfect civil and political equality such that black Americans shall enjoy all the rights, privileges and immunities enjoyed by any other members of the body politic.[37] In its primary meaning, Douglasss fair-play, non-exceptionalism principle entailed simple equality under law, irrespective of race or color, but in the decades following the war, he was most urgently concerned with equal protection for two rights in particular: voting rights and property rights. The one thing needful, then, was to elect an abolitionist governing majority at the federal level. Whom was he trying to reach? Note that the only factual claim on the topic is the claim of fact. on his farm recently because of a lack of water, so he decides to research how many acres of farm land were lost in his area during the last extended drought. As he gathered his energies to prepare yet another lecture on the imperative of equal justice for all, he suffered a sudden heart attack or stroke and died on February 20, 1895. III, p. 418. Its my students first attempt at writing the argumentative essay. It contains a hook or way of gathering the audience's attention. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. Taking the policy claim from earlier, if an author is arguing that the United States should ban capital punishment, their reasons would be the reasons why they believe this is the case. (a) In what ways is Douglass's word choice suited to his audience? Why, then, did Douglass speak as harshly as he did? According to Douglass, how do laws in the South prove that slaves are human beings? But his Do nothing with us! rhetoric, oversimplified for emphasis, has been misunderstood by critics who read it literally as a denial of public obligation and a justification of public indifference toward the freedpeople. -he's hopeful that they hear what he's saying & things change over time, Write a summary of this excerpt from "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" [46] See Madison, Property, in Madison: Writings (New York: Library of America, 1999), pp. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Douglass endures unequalled as the invincible adversary of racial despair and disaffectionthe pre-eminent exemplar and apostle of hopefulness in the American promise of justice for all. Below is an example of an effective claim, supported by reason and on-topic, credible evidence, followed by an effective counterclaim that disagrees with and disproves the claim through its own reasoning, evidence to support the counterclaims, as well as an effective rebuttal to the counterclaim with evidence of its own. The first televised presidential debate took place between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon in 1960. H e engages in a fight with his master. I will also contrast how Douglass' view was very similar to that of the women in antebellum America, and the role that Christianity played in his life as a slave and then. In the postwar decades, Douglasss initially bright hopes for rapid, lasting reforms faded as the nations governing majority, weary of conflict, flagged in its commitment to enforcing the civil and political rights of the freedpeople in the ex-rebel states. He talks of the ways in which black men and women struggle to hold their families together, and the importance of music as a way to express deep sadness. For example, This evidence may be true; however, the objection does not change the fact that. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. He had finally conquered his fear of water. Under the whole Heavens, he remarked in 1894, there never was a people liberated from bondage under conditions less favorable to the successful beginning of a new and free mode of life, than were the Freedmen of the South. [51] With respect to corrective justice, he firmly endorsed the principle but took a subtle, carefully measured position with respect to its present application. The louder she screamed, the harder he whippedI was quite a child, but I well remember it. Now you turnthe opposing point of view, evidence, and analysis back to support your thesis statement. Typifying a view of the Founding now common among scholars of race are remarks by Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first AfricanAmerican Supreme Court Justice and a hero of the legal struggle that paved the way for the Civil Rights Era. How he acquired it is a part of his story not to be neglected. What I ask for the negro, he explained in 1865, is not benevolence, not pity, not sympathy, but simply justice.[48]. Your reason is because yours doesn't have Internet access, and your evidence says that students with Internet access make better grades. It is very clear that Douglass wants us as readers understand the true humanity of him and other slaves and wants to show the extent to which perceptions of inequality are flawed. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 195075), p. 236 (hereinafter Life and Writings). As the author of three autobiographies, Douglass framed his life story as a series of reversals of fortune suggestive of the possibility of liberating revolutionary change. Here, where universal suffrage is the ruleto rule us out is to make us an exception, to brand us with the stigma of inferiority, and to invite to our heads the missiles of those about us.[38], This was no merely abstract consideration. In all such policies, Douglass protested, there is clearly seen the purpose to crush our spirits, to cripple our enterprise and doom us to a condition of destitution and degradation.[44]. The federal government would find itself surrounded by a hostile spirit in the lately rebellious states, he warned, and the strength to counterbalance this spirit would be found in the negroes of the south.[40] Moreover, a policy of equal suffrage would have, over time, a more profound integrative effect in the healing of racial divisions. I teach a seventh grade ELA class and weve just finished reading Walk Two Moonsby Sharon Creech. That's a reason. Plus, each essay includes a detailed analytical (not holistic) rubric for assessment-based learning. When you're preparing an argument, make sure to note where you got your evidence. Up from Alienation: Douglasss Abolitionist Years, Speaking to the Garrisonian American Anti-Slavery Society in 1847, a youthful Douglass posed a poignant question and supplied a dispiriting answer. You really want a new cell phone, after all. of people, -two football teams competing for State Champion. That appreciation was, however, specific to the maturity of his thought. Frederick. Open Document. [43] Douglass, Property in Soil and Property in Man, November 18, 1848, in Life and Writings, Vol. He claims that African Americans like himself have been denied the freedom that the holiday supports. Undaunted by these setbacks, however, he maintained to the end a strenuous schedule of speaking and writing, laboring to remind the succeeding generations that there was a right side and a wrong side in the late war and to propagate his undying faith in the mission and promise of America. That which is inhuman, cannot be divine! Douglasss escape from slavery and eventual freedom are inseparable from his movingly narrated attainment of literacy. Additionally, the conclusion of an argumentative essay should look to the future. [13] Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 392. IV, pp. II, pp. In a standard, five-paragraph argumentative essay, there are three sections, each with their own components. [N]o one seems to have doubted the correctness of the prevailing opinion of the time.[4]. Evaluating an Argument Guidelines & Examples | What is an Argument? [12] Douglass, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? July 5, 1852, in Douglass Papers, Vol. What have you learned about the struggle for freedom from reading this speech? 202203 (emphasis added). [19] Douglass, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? in Douglass Papers, Vol. His story, an instant best seller, succeeded in confirming his veracity, but at the cost of attracting greatly intensified attention from fugitive slavecatchers. Everybody has asked the question, he complained in early 1865, and they learned to ask it early of the abolitionists, What shall we do with the negro after emancipation? ete the task. Knowing that your mom could care less about the newest games, appeal to what she thinks is important - your grades. All measures devisedto allay and diminish the antislavery agitation, have only served to increase, intensify, and embolden that agitation.[22]. In The Blessings of Slavery, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slaves for the most part are the freest and happiest people in the world. It will tell that people and all others that the nation has the disposition if not entire ability to do the Negro right and justice.[54]. [27] Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of The Freedmens Monument in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, April 14, 1876, in Douglass Papers, Vol. While this quote is from a credible source (Carolina Justice Policy Center) and provides factual evidence, the evidence is not relevant to the specific claim and reasoning provided. Evidence should be from a source that's reliable, and it makes your argument even better if you have evidence from multiple sources. IV, p. 68 (emphasis in original). An effective argumentative essay utilizes the following four components of an argument: The claim is the author's central argument that they are trying to persuade the audience to believe. II, p. 375. His evidence for this claim is that when he first meets her in Baltimore, she is a very kind woman. Douglass's life-story is presented in a way that creates a compelling argument against the justification of slavery. Writing before slaves were freed in the United States, Douglass' main objective in the Narrative is to dispel any notion that slavery is good for those enslaved. Nevertheless, his speech does make an argument. Over one hundred years after Frederick Douglasss death, this teaching has lost none of its essential vitality. IV, p. 63. The signers of the Declaration of Independence, Douglass told his audience that day, were brave men. 364366. parentheses that agrees with the subject. A reader can see bleak picture of black slavery from the narration of Frederick Douglass who confronts brutal conduct of white masters throughout his childhood. On one side, he rejected as plainly blasphemous the radical positivism expressed in the eminent Senator Henry Clays assertion that what the law makes property, is property.[42] At the other extreme, he judged it arrant nonsense to conflate the causes of abolitionism and socialism, as some abolitionists did in the belief that they could eradicate the desire for property in another human being only by eradicating the desire for private property of any kind. Good reasoning for a claim is on topic, logically sound, factual, and can be supported by evidence. It opened my eyes to the horrible pit, but to no ladder upon which to get out (47). The specific nature of slaverys worst wrongs, however, suggested a more definite approach. In the speech, Douglass makes a claim. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. 42% of the inmates are black, although African-Americans only account for 12.5% of the U.S. population" (Walter). Measuring him by the sentiment of his country, a sentiment he was bound as a statesman to consult, he was swift, zealous, radical, and determined. In an argument, your, 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access,' would need to be beefed up a little, to, 'My current cell phone doesn't provide Internet access, which is necessary for me to complete all my homework.' Even though we must face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, King told his audience, I still have a dream. Check your answer in a print or an online college-level dictionary, Identify and define two other words in which the prefix ob- means "against." A counterclaim is an argument that argues in opposition to the author's claim. The standard format for an argumentative essay is as follows: An effective argument contains all of the necessary components (claim, reasons, evidence, counterclaims) while keeping the intended audience in mind. The body of the essay is three paragraphs and contains the author's reasoning, evidence, and counterclaims. -douglas was trying to to reach to people who didn't agree with slavery, but never did anything to fight against it. ', Then it's time for the reasons you've prepared well in advance, because you know exactly what she'll ask. 280 (1981), established criteria that supervisors must consider in determining an appropriate penalty to impose for an act of employee misconduct. Some of the above points adapted from theHarvard Writing Center. Doubts arose as to whether so skilled an orator could ever have been a slave, and Douglass responded by writing his first autobiography. The broadest and bitterest of the black mans misfortunes is the fact that he is everywhere regarded and treated as an exception to the principles and maxims which apply to other men.[35], In its concrete applications, Douglasss principle of fair play meant first that the white majority must refrain from various courses of action whereby it might be tempted to evade rather than to resolve properly the problem of race relations. IV, p. 436. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Frederick Douglass In an essay or speech that presents an argument, the author often addresses counterclaims, or arguments made by opponents. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. What was Douglass's purpose in writing his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave? I was nothing before, he wrote in his autobiography, reflecting on the episode. Add an answer. 59 lessons. Rebecca Simon is an ELA and social studies Master Teacher. Soon after his master discovers this, and commences the teaching at once. The controversy of racism scorches Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass written by Frederick Douglass himself. Slavery can be viewed as one of the greatest examples of immoral treatment towards African Americans in the United States alone. For example, This evidence may be true; however, the objection does not change the fact that, 2. So he labored on in those years, cherishing the memory of Lincoln in part for his own, personal reasons and calling his fellow citizens also to venerate the Great Emancipator that they might be bound ever more firmly to the great cause for which he and so many loyal citizens had died: to bring forth out of the terrible war a renewed nation, reconceived in liberty and rededicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. If the claim is that the United States should ban capital punishment, an effective counterclaim would be that the United States should not ban capital punishment because capital punishment provides a sense of closure for the families of the victims of violent crimes. [56] To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. He understands that education is his only way out of slavery. It is particularly important also to pay renewed attention to the most thoughtful apostles of the integrationist faith among the major figures of the AfricanAmerican protest tradition. For example, this argument misses the key point that. How would you like to be able to win any argument? That's your mom's counterclaim. by | Jun 10, 2022 | flores para iglesia matrimonio | poway high school bell schedule 2021 | Jun 10, 2022 | flores para iglesia matrimonio | poway high school bell schedule 2021 Second, any truly salutary public assistance must also be integrative, not divisive, in its design and effects. Douglasss sometimes stern emphasis on the virtues of self-reliance and self-elevation does not mean that he had grown insensitive to the magnitude of the difficulties yet to be overcome; nor does it mean that he had resorted to blaming the victim or placing exclusive responsibility on the freedpeople for their condition. This latter, of course, was the position of Lincoln and of the moderate center of the Free Soil and Republican parties during the 1850s. -reinforces the idea of the great principles of political freedom and natural justice, Identify two biblical allusions Douglass makes, and then explain how each contributes to Douglass's overall argument, -He wants to use any means to convince people to end slavery. The overall claim for an essay is also known as the thesis and can be found in the introduction of the essay. II, p. 528 (emphasis in original). In your argument for a new cell phone, your mom stands on the other side. [34] Douglass, Let the Negro Alone, May 11, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. We want no black Ireland in America, he warned in response to the Supreme Courts disappointing ruling in the Civil Rights Cases in 1883no American counterpart to the aggrieved, unproductive, disproportionately criminal (under)class that Douglass viewed as the natural issue of Englands injustice. While Frederick Douglass made some key arguments, he also made common ground to make his appeal for the abolition of slavery. Human nature cannot honor one who is helpless, Douglass had observed long before, but it is bound to respect those who display a forceful, virtuous self-reliance. 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access.'. The proper remedy for these violations, as he conceived of it, was in accord with this conviction. In developing his own proposal, Douglass did not identify the precise grounds of his disagreement with Stevens. In paragraph 5, (b) How does he refute that counterclaim? Although Frederick Douglass believes that the only way to freedom for him and his fellow slaves, is through learning how to build on. If you're ever going to convince your mom to get that new cell phone that's just perfect for you, you're going to have to move beyond mere opinions. [20] Douglass, Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, in Life and Writings, Vol. [8] The reader interested in a fuller account of Douglasss life should begin by reading Douglasss autobiographies: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845); My Bondage and My Freedom (1855); and Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (1881; expanded 1892). Viewing it amid the grand course of human events, Douglass saw in the Civil War an event of epochal moral significance. It is very difficult to see how the forward- and upward-looking labor required to achieve the ends of justice for all and black elevation in America is to be sustained amid a spreading sentiment of alienation from America. Proponents of this skeptical view cite the persistence of racial segregation in neighborhoods and schools; the persistence of stark disparities between black and white Americans in various measures of social and economic well-being; and, most alarmingly, the deepening alienationthe nihilism, as Cornel West candidly named it[2]prevalent among many AfricanAmericans living in urban poverty. Max Farrand (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1911), p. 135. For radical critics, Americas betrayals of the ideals of liberty and equality for all are betrayals in the nations founding principles rather than betrayals of them. He gives reasons for this claim and backs them up with evidence. [35] Douglass, The Future of the Negro People of the Slave States, in Life and Writings, Vol. But the final, unimpeachable confirmation of Lincolns anti-slavery commitment came for Douglass in August 1864, when the President, fearing that a demoralized electorate would soon force a premature end to the war, summoned Douglass to the White House to discuss a covert scheme for liberating as many as possible in the meantime. Worst of all was Dred Scott, in which the nations highest court endorsed the pro-slavery, white-supremacist reading propagated by both the Constitutions Garrisonian enemies and slaverys most determined defenders. James M. Washington (New York: HarperCollins, 1986), pp. A counterclaim is just the opposite of a claim. a) the regulation of business protected consumers. She has something to say against your claim that you need a new cell phone, and it goes something like, 'No, you don't.'. [17] Douglass, Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, May 11, 1857, in Life and Writings, Vol. How do you think that refuting a misconception strengthened your presentation? These will speak for him. There he worked proudly as a day laborer and refined his oratorical powers, both as a lay preacher in New Bedfords African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church and as a participant in the meetings of local black abolitionists. Education empowers people to make good decisions and paves a future that provides opportunities. Douglass presented this speech to an antislavery societyan audience that was already on his side. In response, Garrison intensified his calls for the dissolution of the American Union, while influential black abolitionists urged blacks to surrender their hopes in America and emigrate. . 'Mom, I really need a new cell phone!' Explain, -no, he/she first denied it, then comes out telling the truth, Write a definition of obstruction based on your understanding of the prefix ob-. If the author's claim is that organ selling should be legalized, an example of an effective counterclaim would be that organ selling should not be legalized because it can drive up the cost of organ transplants, meaning that only the rich could afford to receive a transplant. A claim of cause and effect is a claim that one thing influences or affects another. Another is that slavery is an institution fundamentally based on violence, telling the story of the vicious beatings an aunt of his would often receive: I have often been awakened at the dawn of day by the most heart-rending shrieks of an own aunt of mine, whom he used to tie up to a joist, and whip upon her naked back till she was literally covered with blood. A claim is the main argument. 380382. Douglass's really has two central claims in theNarrative. How would you expect obdurate people to respond to advertisements? Such practices implicated southern white landowners in a conspiracy to refrain from selling land to black would-be buyers and to compensate black laborers only by means that prevented them from accumulating any savings. This grand achievement taught Douglass something, as he says, From that moment, I understood the pathway from slavery to freedom. The evils which are now crushing the Negro to earth have their root and sap, their force and mainspring, in this narrow spirit of race and color and the Negro has no more right to excuse or to foster it than men of any other race. Using stories to illustrate each of his points, Douglass shows that black slaves only tell whites they are happy to avoid retribution, that they sing to mourn and lament their fate, and that owners who have gone to revival meetings and come back "converted" to Christianity feel even more emboldened to beat and mistreat their slaves, because it is Biblically sanctioned that slaves must obey their masters. The body can be organized by reasoning, with the author providing three reasons as the topic sentences for the three paragraphs, then using further reasoning and evidence to prove the topic sentence. To the contrary, it was a hard-won achievement, and as such, it contains valuable lessons for all Americans and especially for those who, like the young Douglass himself, find themselves dispirited about their place and prospects in their country. First, it makes clear that Douglasss demand for nothing but fair play allowed for vigorous protective and remedial action by the federal government. Facebook Instagram. I know of no soil better adapted to the growth of reform than American soil. It is difficult to challenge the accuracy of the first hand account offered. Once again, that hopefulness was grounded primarily in his appreciation of the unique virtue of Americas beginning; first things are always interesting, he liked to say,[10] and most of all in the case of a new nation dedicated to universal principles of justice. How to Teach Essaysincludes 42 skill-based essay strategy worksheets (fillable PDFs and 62 Google slides), beginning with simple 3-word paragraphs and proceeding step-by-step to complex multi-paragraph essays. It was above all in Americas original and unforgettable dedication to those principles that Douglass found reason to love and identify with his country, despite the injustices that he and his people had suffered. In the end, these elements of freedom-becoming educated-led to his last act of rebellion, which he thought would bring him freedom. Provide a quotation from the speech that shows Douglass's response to the counterclaim identified. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought processes of the various slave owners help to substantiate his assertion. For Douglass as for Abraham Lincoln, America was, after all, the last, best hope of Earth.[62]. In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass is thrown into a new world of knowledge and opportunity, once he learns how to read and write. 516517. A character which might pass without censure as a slave cannot so pass as a freeman. Whereas Douglass from the outset called urgently and insistently for the Civil Wars prosecution as an abolition war, Lincoln saw in such a course of action only a self-destructive rashnessa premature radicalizing of the war, most likely to result in the disaffection of vital allies and, ultimately, the catastrophic failure of the Union cause. V, p. 105. -his language is different, it proves hes educated, (b) How effective would it be for a modern audience? 556, 569. Under its influence, the tender heart became stone, and the lamblike disposition gave way to one of tigerlike fierceness" (page 28). and the excerpt from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass -it allows the student to prove his/her point even further by refuting a misconception. Evidence is the facts or research to support your claim. The evidence is the facts, data, and quoted experts used to provide support for the reasoning. Rejectthe counterclaim. The Constitution, as well as the Declaration of Independence, and the sentiments of the founders of the Republic, give us a plat-form broad enough, and strong enough, to support the most comprehensive plans for the freedom and elevation of all the people of this country, without regard to color, class, or clime. He can no longer stand his new sense of education and knowledge. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Latest answer posted March 08, 2021 at 10:42:24 AM. IV, p. 459. How does Douglass refute this counterclaim? Use etymological information in a dictionary to verify your choices, -obstacle: prevents progress Answer: a. dependence on a neighbor in terms of access to water trade. (b) How early in the speech does he introduce this claim? Come what will, I hold it to be morally certain that, sooner or later, by fair means or foul means, in quiet or in tumultslavery is doomed to cease out of this otherwise goodly land, and liberty is destined to become the settled law of this Republic.[20]. Including using the example of Joseph and his brothers, as well as the Israelites being slaves in Egypt (a) In what ways is Douglass's word choice suited to his audience? What evidence does he use to support his claim?" V, p. 624. Claims of fact make assertions that can be proven or disproven with evidence. He was appealing to the public to honor those victims claim for a slight measure of compensation in a fashion carefully tailored to their needs and to the deepest of the wrongs that they had suffered. In his 1894 Blessings of Liberty and Education speech, presented a few months before his death, Douglass ventured on the subject a last word that he feared would be more useful than palatable: Since emancipation we hear much said of our modern colored leaders in commendation of race pride, race love, race effort, race superiority, race men and the like.
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