[28][29] Attended by approximately 1,000 of the Bay Area's original "hippies", this was San Francisco's first psychedelic rock performance, a costumed dance and light show featuring Jefferson Airplane, The Great Society, and The Marbles. Father Yod died in a freak hand-gliding accident in 1977 in Hawaii. Instead, they attend a growing series of summer festivals, the largest of which is called the Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival, which premiered in 2002. Englewood. If . It has offered performances and classes by a variety of hippie and counter-culture icons, from musical guests like Big Brother and the Holding Company, Merl Saunders and Babatunde Olatunji to speakers such as Timothy Leary, Terence McKenna, Paul Krassner, Stephen Gaskin, Robert Anton Wilson, Harvey Wasserman and Ralph Metzner. By the mid-'70s many aspects of hippie culture had either been left behind after the Vietnam War ended (like protests) or had been incorporated into the mainstream (like bellbottoms and long hair). These and other venues provided settings where participants could partake in the full psychedelic music experience. Source: View Liner ltdThroughout the late 1960s and. Neo-hippies, some of whom are children and grandchildren of the original hippies, advocate many of the same beliefs of their 1960s counterparts. About 300,000 people gathered to hear The Rolling Stones; Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young; Jefferson Airplane and other bands. a German cover model from the 1960s who embodied the dreams of the hippie generation - joins a commune, begins a modelling career, meets rock stars, and travels the world in a bus . The example of Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867-1939)", "Hippie Roots & The Perennial Subculture", "Straight-Edge Sexauer: A radical non-conformist", "Menlo Park Division VA Palo Alto Health Care System", "Cloak and DropperThe Twisted History of the CIA and LSD - The Fix", "The Legacy of the CIA's Secret LSD Experiments on America", "Zounds, Milady! "We still hold the land collectively1,700 acres. The hippies did fit into each of these categories, but they also inspired a number of aspects of our country that most people dont know about, such as our clothing, our music, etc. Bandannas, scarves, and jewelry were all very common for both women and men. Although many of the original hippies and those who were core to the movement remained (or remain) dedicated to the values they originally espoused, many of those who played more peripheral roles are often seen as having "sold out" during the 1980s by becoming a part of the corporate, materialist culture they initially rejected.[60][61]. Spaced Out: Crash Pads, Hippie Communes, Infinity Machines, and other Radical Environments of the Psychedelic Sixties by. Browse 3,566 Hippies 1960s stock photos and images available, or search for woodstock or woodstock music festival to find more great stock photos and pictures. In December 1969, a similar event took place in Altamont, California, about 30 miles (45km) east of San Francisco. Hippies in Canada. The Source Family fell apart soon after his death. [46], Started by former Boston stockbroker and later probation officer Gridley Wright, Strawberry Fields, named after the song by the Beatles, occupied forty four acres of land in Decker Canyon, in the arid hills above Malibu, California. . Hippies have maintained activist activities after the 1960s. Hippies promoted the recreational use of hallucinogenic drugs, particularly marijuana and LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), in so-called head trips, justifying the practice as a way of expanding consciousness. To the fascination and amusement of more decorous citizens, hundreds of thousands of mostly young dreamers set out to build a new culture apart from the established society. They became media darlings of the day. The Hippie Movement of the 1960s. Its origins may be traced to European social movements in the 19th and early 20th century such as Bohemians, with influence from Eastern religion and spirituality. Phish toured sporadically between 1983 and 2004. By the late 1960s, according to one count, the state had 25 communes, and perhaps another dozen alternative communities. The novelist Ken Kesey (author of One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest) was one of the best-known literary spokesmen for the movement, but he became equally famous for the bus tours he made with a group called the Merry Pranksters. In the United States, some hippies refer to themselves as "Rainbows", a name derived from their tie-dyed T-shirts, and for some, from their participation in the hippie group, "Rainbow Family of Living Light". John Curl (Goodreads Author) Much of hippie style had been integrated into mainstream American society by the early 1970s. Notable members include Kesey's best friend Ken Babbs, Neal Cassady, Mountain Girl (born Carolyn Adams but best known as Mrs. Jerry Garcia), Wavy Gravy, Paul Krassner, Stewart Brand, Del Close, Paul Foster, George Walker, and others. Flower power came into its own during this occupation as hippies engaged in acts of civil disobedience to plant flowers in empty lots all over Berkeley under the slogan "Let A Thousand Parks Bloom.". George Harrison and Ravi Shankar in Encinitas, 1960s . By 1970, the 1960s zeitgeist that had spawned hippie culture seemed to be on the wane,[51][52] at least in the US. The flames, ignited by the Kauai, Hawaii, county police and state officials, devoured homes, churches and community gardens that stretched through seven acres of sandy beach and shaded jungle. The hippie movement has found historical precedents as far back as the Mazdakist movement in Persia, whose leader the Persian reformer Mazdak, advocated communal living, the sharing of resources, vegetarianism, and free love. Daley: Somewhere between 2,000 and 3,000 communes existed in the U.S. in the 1960s and '70s with about 75 in the small state of Vermont, making it one of the epicenters of the experiment. 0. "In the 60s and 70s, if you were young and curious and you paid attention to politics and the arts, it was impossible to escape that climate of rebellion that was in the . The immediate legacy of the hippies included: in fashion, the decline in popularity of the necktie which had been everyday wear during the 1950s and early 1960s, and generally longer hairstyles, even for politicians such as Pierre Trudeau; in literature, books like The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test;[67] in music, the blending of folk rock into newer forms including acid rock and heavy metal; in television and film, far greater visibility and influence, with some films depicting the hippie ethos and lifestyle, such as Woodstock, Easy Rider, Hair, The Doors, and Crumb. [25] By 1966 the Underground Press Syndicate had been organized;[26] 80 presses of U.S. and Canada came to a conference sponsored by Middle Earth in Iowa City. Hippies in the 60s : Fashion, Festivals, Flower Power. In 1965, four art students and filmmakers, Gene Bernofsky, JoAnn Bernofsky, Richard Kallweit and Clark Richert, moved to a 7-acre (28,000m2) tract of land near Trinidad, Colorado. The women of the Source Family outside their Hollywood Hills home. It also resulted in the formation of one of Australia's largest and most successful communes. . Hippies were largely a white, middle-class group of teenagers and twentysomethings who belonged to what demographers call the baby-boom generation. 10 Sixties Counterculture: The Hippies and BeyondWhen people in the early 2000s think about the 1960s, they might think first about the "hippies." Along with the civil rights movement, antiwar protests, and the Beatles, hippies were one of the most distinctive features of a very colorful decade. )[10] Many moved to Southern California, where they could practice an alternative lifestyle in a warm climate. One of the most interesting (and strangest) hippie communes to come out of the 1970s was the Source Family. On April 20 (4/20) many neo-hippies gather at "Hippie Hill" in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. [18] These students joined the bands they loved and began living communally in the large, inexpensive Victorian apartments in the Haight. [35] In response to the criminalization of psychedelics, San Francisco hippies staged a gathering in the Golden Gate Park panhandle, called "The Love Pageant Rally",[35] attracting an estimated 700-800 people. Check out our 1960s hippie commune selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. He bailed the hippies out of jail and told them they could live, rent free, on his beautiful 7 acre property. These subgenres included: Many genres that first appeared in the 1970s also incorporated psychedelic influences in the beginning, such as soft rock and disco, though they soon developed their own sounds that were distinct from psychedelic music. The bands performed for free and countercultural leaders boosted the event's popularity; among them were LSD promoters Timothy Leary and Augustus Owsley Stanley III. In April 1969, the building of People's Park in Berkeley, California received international attention. The psychedelic posters that announced concerts at the, Ginsberg, Cassady, and Plymell were at 1403 Gough St in 1963. They're still there, and they're not the only ones. The hippies were an important part of American society, even if they presented their ideas in a somewhat unorthodox way. If I could go back, I would go back this second, said David Pearson, a surfer who moved to Taylor Camp in 1972. Though few participants would accept the "hippie" label, Burning Man is a contemporary expression of alternative community in the same spirit as early hippie events. Strand, a commune in Copenhagen in 1970.4 Communal living was not new and had been seen before, indeed since its inception in the 17th century when 'the British Diggers', a group of peasants, started three rural communes.5 For activists and hippies in the 1960s, shifting away The Burning Man festival began in 1986 at a San Francisco beach party. In the late 1800s and early 1900s the German Lebensreform movement emphasized the goodness of nature, the harms to society, people, and to nature caused by industrialization, the importance of the whole person, body and mind, and the goodness of "the old ways". Each hippie commune was different: some were deeply religious communities while others were completely secular. Alastair Gordon. Billboard Hot 100 songs in June 1966 with "Paint It Black" by the Rolling Stones. Hippies advocated nonviolence and love, a popular phrase being Make love, not war, for which they were sometimes called flower children. They promoted openness and tolerance as alternatives to the restrictions and regimentation they saw in middle-class society. [30] On Saturday January 22, the Grateful Dead and Big Brother and the Holding Company came on stage, and 6,000 people arrived to imbibe punch spiked with LSD and to witness one of the first fully developed light shows of the era. And before you go, like All That Is Interesting on Facebook. It is directly influenced and inspired by the Beat Generation, and American . Focused on back-to-the-land and free love, they became the practice of the hippie philosophy put into practice. Sinclair's release was suddenly approved by the state's authorities three days later, a testimony to the potential force of popular pressure; however, soon thereafter, the Nixon administration responded by seeking to have Lennon deported, on the pretext of a 1968 marijuana conviction in London. Hippie Communes Live On. Rapidly advancing technology, musical revolution, major conspiracy theories, and booming Civil Rights movements all converged in the . The tests were held at various venues in California, and were sometimes advertised with colorful crayoned signs asking "Can you pass the acid test?" Before the hippies, there were the beatniks, who came from the Beat Generation of the 1950s. Many of the original Beats remained active participants, notably Allen Ginsberg, who became a fixture of the anti-war movement. Bob Dylan became close friends with Allen Ginsberg, and Ginsberg became close friends with Timothy Leary. Greatest Hippie Songs of the 1960s and 1970s. 1970s style. The School Teacher's House. [70], Hippies may still be found in bohemian enclaves around the world.[71]. Delve into the secretive and misunderstood world of American hippie communes of the 1970s.This iconic photograph captures the Bray Family reading bedtime stories at the Mystic Arts commune in Sunny Valley, Oregon in 1969. [64] A wide range of personal appearance options and clothing styles have become acceptable, all of which were uncommon before the hippie era. [18] Modeled on their Red Dog experiences, on October 16, 1965, The Family Dog hosted "A Tribute to Dr. Strobe lights and a psychedelic liquid light show along with pictures of Krishna and the words of the Hare Krishna mantra were projected onto the walls of the venue. In August 1969, the Woodstock Music and Art Festival took place in Bethel, New York, which for many, exemplified the best of hippie counterculture. Hippie communes required a certain industrious, especially since most communes started from scratch. A hippie is a person who belongs to the subculture of hippies. ATI's exclusive interview with Isis Aquarian of The Source Family. Another shock came in the form of the Sharon Tate and Leno and Rosemary LaBianca murders committed in August 1969 by Charles Manson and his "family" of followers. Beginning May 12, 1968, the newly formed Poor People's Campaign, started by the recently (April 4) assassinated Martin Luther King Jr., organized a shantytown known as Resurrection City, composed of around 3,000 black, native, and Latino militants, along with a significant contingent of hippies and diggers, encamped on the National Mall in Washington, DC. [37], One frequently encountered theme was Asian spirituality, and Zen, dharma, "nirvana", karma and yoga were "buzzwords" of the counterculture. Stylistic differences between beatniks, marked by somber colors, dark shades and goatees, gave way to colorful psychedelic clothing and long hair worn by hippies. With his long hair, charisma and the ability to charm a crowd with his guitar playing, his singing and rhetoric, Manson exhibited many of the outward manifestations of hippie identity. We have a private revolution going on. The settlement has gone through some economic turbulence and change in the 80s, when the all-pooling way of life wasn't sustainable anymore and people had to begin self-supporting themselves. There was no "one-size fits all" model, and each hippie commune developed its own culture, rules, and personality over time. Check out our hippie communes selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. We all know about the hippie communities that popped up around the world during the 1970s in a protest against, amongst other things, war and death to mankind. Some hippies also used amphetamines and opiates, but they were looked down upon even by the people who used them because they were harmful and addictive. Hippies came from many different places and had many different backgrounds. Then, read up on hippie history and culture, and see 55 1960s San Francisco hippie photos that capture the movement in full swing. Turn them on, if not to drugs, then to beauty, love, honesty, fun. West Hollywood became the quintessential L.A. hippie gathering area, particularly on the Sunset Strip where the Whisky a Go Go was located, and The Troubadour on Santa Monica Boulevard. When we think of hippies, images of peace and love from the 1960s might be one of the first things that springs to mind. Web. "Love the One You're With" Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young. Author/Creator: Fitch, Bob Subject: Hamrick, Donald James, 1935- and Harbinger Commune have pointed to the short-lived Merrymount colony in 1625 (allegorically portrayed by Nathaniel Hawthorne in "The Maypole of Merry Mount)" as the first hippie experience on the American continent. "The Sounds of Silence" Simon and Garfunkel. The Source Family was the brainchild World War 2 veteran turned martial arts expert turned Hollywood restaurateur turned spiritual leader, Ed Baker, or Father Yod as he preferred to be called. Westport, CT: The Greenwood Press. [citation needed]. Marijuana and psychedelic drugs were used regularly at Taylor Camp, and while it was generally "pretty innocent," former resident Hawk Hamilton recalls that "there was a rough element. A commune is an intentional community of people living together, sharing common interests . In late September 1967, many of the shops in the district began to display a stack of 4x5 cards on their counters proclaiming "Funeral Notice for Hippie". It was a stopping off place for Timothy Leary as well as other well known figures in the psychedelic movement. Throughout the Hippie Movement, many hippie college students were threatened with expulsion and a criminal record, just for expressing their ideas. Contemporary hippies have made use of the World Wide Web and can be found on virtual communities. Hippies developed their own distinctive lifestyle, whereby they constructed a sense of marginality. Crone, Patrician, "Kavad's Heresy and Mazdak's Revolt", in: Iran 29 (1991), S. 2140. Charles Manson was a lifelong criminal who had been released from prison just in time for San Francisco's Summer of Love. [45], In 1967, Stephen Gaskin began to develop a philosophy of hippie perspectives at San Francisco State College, where he taught English, creative writing, and General Semantics. . Photo Courtesy of Isis Aquarian Archives. 29662. A large multitude of hippies flocked to the corner of Haight Street and Ashbury Street, which came to be known as the Haight-Ashbury District. Photograph by John Olson. Meanwhile, in England, the Isle of Wight Festival 1970 (August) drew an even bigger attendance than Woodstock, and was a major gathering of the hippie movement (as well as one of the last major concert appearances for a few prominent musicians of the time, such as Jimi Hendrix). Ginsberg was also at the infamous 1968 Democratic National Convention, and was friends with Abbie Hoffman and other members of the Chicago Seven. [17] Cassady drove the bus for Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, and he attempted to recruit Kerouac into their group, but Kerouac angrily rejected the invitation and accused them of attempting to destroy the American culture he celebrated. Bands like the Grateful Dead, Big Brother and the Holding Company (with Janis Joplin), and Jefferson Airplane continued to live in the Haight, but by the end of the summer, the incessant media coverage led the Diggers to declare the "death" of the hippie with a parade. During the 1960's a radical group called the Hippies shocked America with their alternative lifestyle and radical beliefs. For most this infatuation with Asia was somewhat superficial, limited to their wearing colourful and inexpensive clothing from India and burning Indian made incense. Hundreds of them became so stable that they survive today. He's 67 now, and a retired school teacher. Average hippies were between 15 and 25 years of age. Set at the edge of the road along the beach of the ancient island of Kauai, the tiny village was home to restless souls longing to escape from the unrest of their generation, from the traumas of the Vietnam . The Hippies of Placitas. Oregon's Family of Mystic Arts Commune was featured on the July 18, 1969 cover of LIFE magazine. The concept of "sex, drugs, and rock & roll " mutates today into the conscious intention of building . - hippies 1960s stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images . In contrast to these formal clubs, Wandervogel emphasized amateur music and singing, creative dress, and communal outings involving hiking and camping. Leave it utterly. McCarthy and Stalin Political Brothers? This was noticed not only in terms of clothes and also longer hair for men, but also in music, film, art, and literature, and not just in the US, but around the world. The True Story", "A couple's commitment to skid row doesn't waver", "I Hate Useless, Loitering Hippies, But I Despise Wall Street Even More", "From the Archives 1970: Ourimbah pop festival's gentle chaos", What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_hippie_movement&oldid=1130437019. 1967 Los Angeles, Hippie Festival, Easter Sunday Love-In, California Hippies from the Kinolibrary Archive Film Collections. July 22, 2004 -- -- More than 30 years ago, a few hundred hippies left California to start a commune in Tennessee. Manson's highly publicized 1970 trial and subsequent conviction in January 1971 irrevocably tarnished the hippie image in the eyes of many Americans.[51]. The Source Family Band practiced every morning at 3 AM. Both folk and rock music were an integral part of hippie culture. As University of Kansas professor Timothy Miller said, Reason had run its course; now it was time to return to the mystical and intuitional the hippies rejected the industrial for the agrarian, the plastic for the natural, the synthetic for the organic.. And if you liked this post, be sure to check out these popular posts: Each hippie commune was different: some were deeply religious communities while others were completely secular. Others followed, including more draft-card burnings in May 1965 at the University of California, Berkeley (which had already seen a precedent to the subsequent social turmoil, in form of the Free Speech Movement), and a coffin was marched to the Berkeley draft board. "Imagine" - John Lennon. In the early 1960s he . Nine adults and six children made up the original community, housed in two old houses and a barn. According to Ed Sanders, the change in the public label from "beatnik" to "hippie" occurred after the 1967 Human Be-In in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, where Ginsberg, Gary Snyder, and Michael McClure led the crowd in chanting "Om". Clothing was highly optional at Taylor Camp. . In fact, Arizona has several cities and towns known for their hippie communities, there is one town that certainly stands out. Since the 1960s, many aspects of the hippie counterculture have been assimilated by the mainstream.[62][63]. The intentional communities of the 1960s era were far more diverse than the stereotype of the hippie commune would suggest. And only tiny numbers of them lived there for long. Habicht's treasure chest of the swinging, groovy, hippie and psychedelic Sixties in London offers his most iconic work, with many images published for the first time. The Strip was the location of the protest described in Buffalo Springfield's early 1967 hippie anthem, "For What It's Worth" by Stephen Stills. hippie, also spelled hippy, member, during the 1960s and 1970s, of a countercultural movement that rejected the mores of mainstream American life. The country was filled with college graduates lacking any job prospects, young women who refused to lead their mothers lives, and the myth of an equal society that couldnt seem to shake its nasty history of segregation and inequality. With the demise of the Grateful Dead and Phish, the nomadic touring hippies have been left without a main jam band to follow. A hippie, also spelled hippy, especially in British English, is someone associated with the counterculture of the 1960s, originally a youth movement that began in the United States during the mid-1960s and spread to different countries around the world. Founded in 1968, Total Loss Farm and its two sister communes were some of the most popular hippie communes on the . There are no money, no technology, no possessions or job titles. [citation needed] The Grateful Dead played, and some sources claim that LSD was consumed at the rally. Over fifty people ended up there during its five months of existence. in "My Odyssey Through the Underground Press, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMarty1997 (, Bugliosi (1994) describes the popular view that the Manson case "sounded the death knell for hippies and all they symbolically represented", citing, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLattin2004 (. This culminated in the June 19 "Solidarity Day" protest which drew 55,000 protesters, after which the tent settlements' population dwindled to around 300. Forty years after founding the "Hippie Kitchen" in Los Angeles' Skid Row in the back of a van, Catholic Workers Jeff Dietrich, a draft resister, and Catherine Morris, a former nun, remained active in their work feeding Skid Row residents and protesting wars, especially in front of the local Federal Building. This page was last edited on 30 December 2022, at 04:50. According to Timothy Miller, communes were organized in many different ways, some along religious, political, and even sexual orientation. As Robert Howard states, The hippie movement that was created in the San Francisco area of Haight-Ashbury offered a serious though not well articulated alternative to the conventional society system.. 25 Pictures of Hippies from the 1960's That Prove That They Were Really Far Out. Yoga Studios Per 1,000 People: 1.09 Organic Markets Per 1,000 People: 0.51 Pet Adoption Centers Per . However en vogue it may be, this generation didn't invent the bohemian living. Indeed, drugs were one of the reasons given for traversing the hippie trail. Between 1957 and 1978 some 100,000 young people from the United States and western Europe traveled overland through Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, or Greece to Turkey, India, Morocco, Iran, Afghanistan, or Nepal. 2010. Thanks to the Isis Aquarian Archives, Messy Nessy Chic, and Celeste Melody for the photographs above. Kesey believed that psychedelics were best used as a tool for transforming society as a whole, and believed that if a sufficient percentage of the population had the psychedelic experience then revolutionary social and political changes would occur. And, most notably, hippies placed communal needs and values above individual rights. Father Yod was not a young man, and he had 13 youthful, beautiful wives. Other psychedelic rock #1 hits over the years were: 1967 - "Ruby Tuesday" (The Rolling Stones), "Light My Fire" (The Doors), "The Letter" (The Box Tops); 1968 - "Hello, I Love You" (The Doors), "People Got to Be Free" (The Rascals); 1969 - "Crimson and Clover" (Tommy James and the Shondells, psychedelic garage rock); 1970 - "Venus" (Shocking Blue). [53][54][55] Large rock concerts that originated with the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival and the 1968 Isle of Wight Festival became the norm. They lived off of the land (and food stamps). Discover how daisies and other flowers came to stand for nonviolent protests along with psychedelic drugs, Be-ins, music festivals, and other public gatherings, The Canadian Encyclopedia - Hippies in Canada, hippie - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Maharishi Mahesh Yogi with George Harrison and John Lennon. Los Angeles also had a vibrant hippie scene during the mid-1960s. The Yippies, especially their leaders Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin, became notorious for their theatrics, such as trying to levitate the Pentagon at the October 1967 war protest, and such slogans as "Rise up and abandon the creeping meatball!" Interest in natural food, herbal remedies and vitamins is widespread, and the little hippie "health food stores" of the 1960s and 1970s are now large-scale, profitable businesses. Reilly, Edward C. "Ken Kesey". One more substantive event in this connection was The Mantra-Rock Dance, January 29, 1967. Held annually in Manchester, Tennessee, the Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival has become a tradition for many music fans, since its sold-out premiere in 2002. On the third night, riots erupted in response to the curfew, causing police to indiscriminately attack protesters and innocent bystanders alike, including journalists from around the world and even visiting dignitaries, throughout the streets of Chicago. Poet Allen Ginsberg led the singing of the Hare Krishna mantra onstage along with the founder acarya of the Krishna Consciousness movement, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Many of the bands performing at hippie festivals, and their derivatives, are called jam bands, since they play songs that contain long instrumentals similar to the original hippie bands of the 1960s. This 21-Year-Old News Anchor Got Her Job Because Of Her Huge. Pinterest. The most famous commune in the United States today has got to be The Farm, founded in 1971 and still thriving. The Merry Pranksters were a group who originally formed around American novelist Ken Kesey, considered one of the most prominent figures in the psychedelic movement, and sometimes lived communally at his homes in California and Oregon. [3] The article also claimed that the hippies were influenced by the ideals of Jesus Christ, Hillel the Elder, Buddha, St. Francis of Assisi, Henry David Thoreau, Gandhi, and others. the hippies of some 2000 communes during the 1960s believed they could free their minds . Diane Upstairs in tne Bedroom. Drug use is just as accepted as in the "original" hippie days, although some neo-hippies do not consider it necessary to take drugs in order to be part of the lifestyle, and others reject drug use in favor of alternative methods of reaching higher or altered consciousness such as drumming circles, community singing, meditation, yoga and dance. The musical Hair, a celebration of the hippie lifestyle, opened on Broadway in 1968, and the film Easy Rider, which reflected hippie values and aesthetics, appeared in 1969.
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