Of Greek descent, John was the personal chaplain of Otto II's wife Theophanu, accompanying her when she traveled from Constantinople to marry Otto II. Then, Pandulf's nephew Pandulf II was given Benevento when Otto II partitioned Landulf IV's territory, with Landulf IV keeping Capua. When Otto II sent an imperial representative, Count Sicco, to secure his release, Crescentius I and Cardinal Franco Ferrucci had Benedict VI murdered while still in prison in 974. Under a new Duke, Bavaria would remain a remote area of the Empire. Seit 936 deutscher König und infolge seiner zweiten Heirat mit der Königinwitwe ADELHEID 951 auch italienischer König, wurde er 962 vom Papst in Rom zum römischen Kaiser gekrönt. Otto II and his wife Theophanu enhanced the spiritual importance of the city by establishing a Benedictine Imperial abbey there: the Memleben Abbey. Otto II was born in 955, the third son of the King of Germany Otto I and his second wife Adelaide of Italy. In 974 Benedict was imprisoned in the Castel Sant'Angelo, the stronghold of the Crescentii family. Soldiers from the Northern March, the March of Meissen, the March of Lusatia, as well as from the Bishop of Halberstadt and the Archbishop of Magdeburg, joined forces to defeat the Slavs near Stendal. Otto II's army eventually broke through the city's defenses, forcing Henry II to flee to Bohemia. There, Otto II declared war against France and prepared his army to march west. The Northern March (outlined in red) between the Billung March in the north and the Saxon Eastern March (March of Lusatia) in the south. clasp "1939" of the Iron Cross [WW II German Armed Forces, awarded to previous recipients of the 1914 Iron Cross] Spange {f} "1939" zum Eisernen Kreuz [2. [20] Despite the Emir's death, the Muslim troops did not flee the battlefield but regrouped and managed to surround the Imperial soldiers, slaughtering many of them and inflicting a severe defeat upon the Emperor. His election secured, Otto III and his mother, the Empress Theophanu, traveled north across the Alps heading for Aachen, the traditional coronation site for the Ottonians, in order for Otto III to be officially crowned as king. In September 978, Otto II retaliated against Lothair by invading France with the aid of Charles. In autumn, however, when the Norwegian allies sailed north to return to Norway, Otto II was able to counter Harald's advances at the Danevirke. The Emperor, aided by the Duke of Swabia and Bavaria, met the rebels at Passau and, after a long siege, forced them into submission. Upon hearing of the French invasion, Otto II’s mother Adelaide of Italy, who was Lothair's mother-in-law, sided with Lothair over his own son and moved to the court of her brother King Conrad at Bourgogne. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed. Among Otto II's chief advisors, only the Saxon Bishop Dietrich I of Metz had close connections with the old Saxon nobility. To ensure domestic tranquillity, Otto II, on June 27, 973, granted his cousin, Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, control over the imperial castles in Bamberg and Stegaurach. The death of Pandulf in 981 allowed the Sicilian Emir Abu al-Qasim to increase his raids, hitting targets in Apulia and Calabria. [28] The threat of war from Willigis and Conrad I, Duke of Swabia forced Henry II to relinquish Otto III on June 29, 984 and to respect the regency of Theophanu.[29]. It is possible that the conditions in southern Italy following the defeat required Otto II to act quickly in designating an Imperial heir to ensure connivance in the Empire's future. 15 Stunden), die 1983 (Erste Staffel: Rote Erde, 9 Teile) und 1989 (Zweite Staffel: Rote Erde II, 4 Teile) unter der Regie von Klaus Emmerich entstanden ist. In October 980 the Imperial court arrived in Chiavenna and received its first Italian delegations. Prior to his appointment, Otto had been a long-time opponent of Henry II's expanding influence in Swabia. With two Lombard princes dead, the Principalities of Capua and the Benevento passed to younger branches of the Landulfid family. During his first seven years as Emperor, he was constantly occupied with maintaining Imperial power against internal rivals and external enemies. -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor Otto II (955 – December 7, 983), called the Red (Rufus), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. [19] He sent his nephew Otto I, Duke of Swabia and Bavaria, back to Germany with the news of the defeat and to call the German nobles to the assembly, but his emissary died en route on November 1, 982, in Lucca. On April 14, 972, Otto II married Theophanu, a Byzantine princess of the Phokas family who was the cousin of reigning Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimiskes. Lambert I and Reginar IV returned to Lorraine in 973 to reclaim their land by force. … It appears Otto II intended to end the Bavarian Ottonians' secular control of Bavaria. ‚der Rote‘ oder ‚der Blutdurstige‘. Oct 27, 2012 - Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen (2 May 1892 – 21 April 1918), also widely known as the Red Baron, was a German fighter pilot with the Imperial German Army Air Service (Luftstreitkräfte) during World War I. Otto II was made joint-ruler of Germany in 961, at an early age, and his father named him co-Emperor in 967 to secure his succession to the throne. von Burgund. With his older brothers dead, the two-year-old Otto became the Kingdom's crown prince and Otto I's heir apparent. Originally appointed by Otto I as Prince of Benevento and Capua in 961, Pandulf waged war against the Byzantines and expanded Ottonian control to include the Duchy of Spoleto in 967. Otto II was then buried in the atrium of St. Peter's Basilica, becoming the only German ruler to be buried in a foreign country instead of in Germany. The imperial family was joined by Otto II's sister Matilda, Abbess of Quedlinburg, King Conrad of Burgundy and his wife Matilda of France, Duke Hugh Capet of France, Duke Otto of Swabia and Bavaria, and other high secular and religious officials from Germany, Italy and France. The Emperor sensed the far-reaching ambitions of his cousin and denied his request. While his father had founded only one monastery (Otto I later replaced the abbey with the Cathedral of Magdeburg) during his 37 years of reign. On the journey back to Germany, Otto's rearguard was attacked and destroyed by French forces, with their supplies being captured. Die Archäologie bekennt Farbe. The Ottonians' chief lieutenant in central and southern Italy had long been the Lombard leader Pandulf Ironhead. Otto II's troops marched on Byzantine-controlled Apulia in January 982 with the purpose of annexing the territory into his Empire. Otto I. Otto II († 8 de noviembre de 1111) [1] fue un conde de Habsburgo, landgrave de la Alta Alsacia y Vogt de Muri. The following year, under Otto II, Pandulf added the Principality of Salerno to the Empire. With both Otto the Great and Count Reginar III dead, it appears Otto II desired a fresh start with the two sons. Lothair then fled to the French capital of Paris and was there besieged by Otto II and Charles. Leben. countess Palatine of L... King of Germany (961-983), Holy Roman Emperor (973-983), King of Italy (980-983). Otto Friedrich von der Gröben, Guineische Reisebeschreibung, Marienwerder 1694; reprint 1981 Paul Friedrich Stuhr: Geschichte der See- und Kolonialmacht des Großen Kurfürsten , Berlin (1839) Hofmeister, Die maritimen und colonialen Bestrebungen des Grossen Kurfürsten 1640 bis 1688 - II. The Byzantines still claimed sovereignty over the Lombard principalities, and the lack of a singular leader to prevent their advances into Lombard territory allowed the Byzantines to make inroads further north. Otto II. Otto II spent his reign continuing his father's policy of strengthening Imperial rule in Germany and extending the borders of the Empire deeper into southern Italy. Boleslaus II was treated with honors and swore loyalty to Otto II. The Coloprini pleaded with the Emperor for support. One of the most important such monks was John Philagathus (the future Antipope John XVI). Otto II spent his reign continuing his father's policy of strengthening Imperial rule in Germany and extending it deeper into Italy. Otto II gave the newly diminished Duchy of Bavaria to his relative Otto, the Duke of Swabia, and appointed Henry III, son of the former Bavarian Duke Berthold, as Duke of Carinthia. His election secured, Otto III and his mother, the Empress Theophanu, traveled north across the Alps heading for Aachen, the traditional coronation site for the Ottonians, in order for Otto III to be officially crowned as king. Following the New Year, Otto II led his Imperial court to Rome, reaching the city on February 9, 981, where the Emperor restored Pope Benedict VII to his papal throne without difficulty. In relation to the other members of his dynasty, Otto II was the grandson of Henry I, son of Otto I, father of Otto III, and a first-cousin once removed to Henry II. Dezember 983 in Rom) aus dem Adelsgeschlecht der Liudolfinger war römisch-deutscher Kaiser von 973 bis 983.. Bereits in jungen Jahren wurde Otto durch seinen Vater Otto den Großen 961 zum Mitkönig und 967 … OTTO I 978-985, 995-1002, KONRAD I 1004-1011, KONRAD II 1036-1039 1. In October 980 the Imperial court arrived in Chiavenna and received its first Italian delegations. Otto II. With the French army in sight, Otto II and Theophano fled to Cologne and then to the Duchy of Saxony. With Henry II deposed, in July 976 Otto II issued far-reaching edicts on the reorganization of the southern German duchies. Holy Roman Emperor. [3] He and his advisor, Bishop Abraham of Freising, conspired with the Duke of Poland Mieszko I and the Duke of Bohemia Boleslaus II against Otto II in 974. In 983 he summoned a diet at Verona, where his young son, Otto III, was crowned German king. Though he unsuccessfully besieged Manso I in Salerno, Otto II ultimately obtained the recognition of his authority from all the Lombard principalities. [2], Otto II's coronation allowed marriage negotiations to begin with the East. Otto II died suddenly in 983 at the age of 28 after a ten-year reign. Early in his reign, Otto II defeated a major revolt against his rule from other members of the Ottonian dynasty who claimed the throne for themselves. He is considered the top ace of that war, being officially credited with 80 air combat victories, more than any other pilot. He was likely motivated by the high risk associated with his expedition into Italy to claim the Imperial title from the Pope. [20] He sent his nephew Otto I, Duke of Swabia and Bavaria, back to Germany with the news of the defeat and to call the German nobles to the assembly, but he died en route on November 1, 982, in Lucca. — O. war von den drei Söhnen, welche die burgundische Adelheid Otto dem Großen geboren hatte, der jüngste, wurde aber schon im Knabenalter, da die beiden älteren Brüder in frühester Kindheit starben, zum … By 976, Henry II returned to Bavaria. One of the most important such monks was John Philagathus (the future Antipope John XVI). [28] Henry II eventually went so far as to claim the German throne outright, obtaining the allegiance of Mieszko I of Poland and Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia. With both Otto the Great and Count Reginar III dead, it appears Otto II desired a fresh start with the two sons. The situation south of the Alps was chaotic. Als nach 37jähriger Herrschaft sein Vater verstarb, trat der erst 18jährige Otto die Alleinregierung an. The death of Pandulf in 981 allowed the Sicilian Emir Abu al-Qasim to increase his raids, hitting targets in Apulia and Calabria. Free from his confinement, he seized the infant Otto III and, as a member of the ruling Ottonian dynasty, claimed the regency of the Empire for himself. Unlike his father, Otto II did not have any brothers to contest his claims to the throne. He was also called Otto VI as Count Palatine of Bavaria from 1156 to 1180. In September 978, Otto II retaliated against Lothair by invading France with the aid of Charles. Otto II., called the Red, was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death. [28] News of Otto II's death first reached Germany after Otto III's coronation. Rote Erde ist eine deutsche Fernsehfilm-Reihe in 13 Teilen (Spieldauer insgesamt ca. Otto I entrusted his illegitimate son, Archbishop … The defeat at Stilo forced Otto II to flee north to Rome. Duke Bernard I of Saxony was heading south for the assembly when Danish Viking raids forced him to return to face the threat. Both the Billung March and the North March were lost following the Great Slav Rising. The domestic problems Otto the Great faced between 963 and 972 had not been resolved by his death. (auch Otto der Rote genannt; * 955; † 7. Sein Name bedeutet im Germanisch-Althochdeutschen „der Besitzer des Erbgutes“. 955, † am 7. Even after his coronation, Otto II remained in the shadow of his overbearing father. Before Henry II's civil war in southern Germany erupted, Otto II was faced with disputes in western Germany. Not satisfied with the territorial gains made under Otto I, Otto II wanted more. Ehe mit der Adelheid von Hoch-Burgund, Tochter von König Rudolf II. A prerequisite for the marriage alliance was the coronation of Otto II as Co-Emperor. OTTO II. The same year, Otto II appointed Egbert as his Imperial Chancellor. One of Otto II's first acts was to confirm the rights and possessions of the Archbishop of Magdeburg. am 28.November 912, † am 7. Waiting for the possibility to add as many display names as you want, without however having to remove visibility to the main languages of the family node, list here, ready to be put back with a possible simple cut and paste: Geni requires JavaScript! When his father died after a 37-year reign, the eighteen-year old Otto II became absolute ruler of the Holy Roman Empire in a peaceful succession. These measures and the unusual size of the abbey perhaps suggest that Memleben may have been intended as an Imperial Mausoleum for the Ottonians. This strengthened his authority as Emperor and secured the succession of his own son to the Imperial throne. After an initial failure, the brothers attempted again in 976, this time with the support of King Lothar of France. The domestic problems Otto the Great faced between 963 and 972 had not been resolved by his death. With his power over northern and central Italy secured, Otto I sought to clarify his relationship with the Byzantine Empire in the East. OTTO I., sein Sohn und Nachfolger OTTO II. The outbreak ultimately led to the death of the Emperor himself: he died in his palace in Rome at the age of 28 on December 7, 983, after having reigned for just over a decade. Within a short time, the Memleben Abbey had become one of the richest and most influential of the Imperial abbeys. One of Otto II's first acts was to confirm the rights and possessions of the Archbishop of Magdeburg. Otto II returned to Rome in September to name a new Pope, selecting the Bishop of Pavia Pietro Canepanova (who reigned as Pope John XIV) in November or early December. His other advisers lacked support from the Empire's various Dukes. Though Otto I was crowned Emperor in 962 and returned to Germany in 965, the political situation in Italy remained unstable. With the position vacant, the pro-Byzantine Tribuno Memmo became the new Doge in 979. On November 12, 973, Burchard III died with no heir: his union to Hadwing, sister of Henry II, had produced no children. Otto II then marched his army south to Bavaria and laid siege to Regensburg, Henry II's stronghold. Stimmt es, dass Otto II. Otto continued his father's policies of promoting a strong monarchy in Germany and of extending the influence of his house in Italy. Accepting the Pope's call for aid, Otto II and Theophano, along with their infant son Otto III, prepared for a march south across the Alps. At the assembly, Otto II appointed Conrad (a distant relative of Otto II) and Henry III as the new Dukes of Swabia and Bavaria respectively. In July 983, Pope Benedict VII, a longtime Ottonian supporter, died of natural causes after having reigned for almost ten years. The defeat at Stilo cost the Empire many nobles, forcing Otto II to lift the banishment of Henry III in order to stabilize domestic affairs in Germany while he campaigned against the Muslim and Byzantines in southern Italy. Sophie I, Abbess of Gandersheim and Essen, born 975, died 1039. Død 02.07.936. fm Mathilde av Ringelheim. [29] The threat of war from Willigis and Conrad I, Duke of Swabia forced Henry II to relinquish Otto III on June 29, 984 and to respect the regency of Theophanu. (auch Otto der Rote genannt; * 955; † 7. Under Otto II, Pandulf added the Principality of Salerno in 978 to the Empire. Otto was a man of small stature, by nature brave and impulsive, and by training an accomplished knight.
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